Abstract
The development of the Indonesian party system in the first quarter of this century can be traced to various factors. The defeat of Russia by Japan started a chain of new ideas in Asian minds which finally led to the overthrow of the European powers in Asia. But this event in isolation could not have achieved much. The overthrow of the Manchu Empire in China in 1911 by the Chinese nationalist revolutionaries under the leadership of Sun Yat Sen, created a new national consciousness among the Chinese in Indonesia, and Indonesian nationalism partly owes its origin to reaction against this new-born nationalism among overseas Chinese in Indonesia. Later the First World War and the Russian Revolution of 1917 also left a deep impress on Indonesian political life. Though the Dutch tried to keep Indonesia immune from the new ideas emerging in other parts of the world, they could not succeed in this endeavour. Their failure in attempts of this kind was occasionally seen in periodical political outbursts in various parts of Indonesia. Apart from the new waves of revolutionary ideas from Europe, the Indian national movement under the leadership of Tilak and Gandhi also had a noticeable influence on the growth of the early nationalist movement in Indonesia.
Published Version
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