Abstract
Low temperature can lead to the autolysis of Volvariella volvacea (V. volvacea), hindering its growth and preservation and severely reducing its yield and quality. This autolysis of V. volvacea at low temperature has been reported, but a metabolomics-based investigation of the underlying mechanisms of the V. volvacea response to low temperature has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the changes, levels and expression patterns of V. volvacea metabolites at low temperature. To understand the metabolic differences within V. volvacea, two strains with different levels of low-temperature tolerance were treated in an ice bath at 0°C for 2, 4, 8, and 10 h, while the blank control group was treated for 0 h. Metabonomics analysis was adopted to study the changes in V. volvacea in response to low temperature and the differences between the two different strains. Metabolic curves were analyzed at different time points by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). A total of 216 differential metabolites were identified and enriched in 39 metabolic pathways, mainly involving amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, the TCA cycle, energy metabolism, etc. In this paper, we report the metabonomic analysis of V. volvacea in response to low temperature and compare the differences in metabolite expression between the low-temperature-resistant strain VH3 and the low-temperature-sensitive strain V23. Finally, the putative low-temperature resistance mechanism of VH3 is revealed at the metabolic level. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the regulatory mechanism of low-temperature resistance in V. volvacea and for future molecular breeding efforts.
Highlights
Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex Fr.) Sing. is a typical tropical and subtropical edible fungus species and one of the major edible fungi produced in China
When treated in an ice bath for 0–2 h, the relative conductivity of the two strains increased the most, reaching 72.80% and 65.13%, respectively. This indicated that the permeability of the V. volvacea mycelia changed dramatically during the 2 h following the start of the ice bath treatment, which may be key information for gene-level research
During the ice bath treatment, the relative conductivity of the VH3 strain, which is resistant to low temperature, was lower than that of the V23 strain, which is sensitive to low temperature, which indicates that the cell membrane integrity of the VH3 strain was relatively high, possibly contributing to its low-temperature resistance
Summary
Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex Fr.) Sing. is a typical tropical and subtropical edible fungus species and one of the major edible fungi produced in China. Is a typical tropical and subtropical edible fungus species and one of the major edible fungi produced in China. Mushrooms of this species are nutritious and delicious (Wang et al, 1992) and are one of the most popular fresh mushrooms among consumers. Because V. volvacea is a kind of high-temperature edible fungus that is sensitive to temperature change, it is usually hydrated and autolyzed at 0◦C∼5◦C (Chen et al, 1995; Yang et al, 2002), which accelerates its decay, making it soft and liquefied and leading to low-temperature autolysis (Qiao, 2008). Research into the mechanism underlying the V. volvacea response to low temperature is urgently needed
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