The response of rhythmically forming processes to the latitudinal position of the zones of their implementation

Abstract

The problem of variability of the Milankovich scale and cyclic oscillations in the troposphere circulation mode depending on the geographical latitude of the area is investigated. Parallels in the dynamics of multi-thousand-year and intra-century climate cycles in different latitudinal zones and possible causes of this phenomenon are considered. New data on the influence of axial rotation and the shape of the Earth on the structure of rhythm-forming processes are presented. It is established that the zone with a high frequency of pulsations of climatic phases is confined to low latitudes with the highest energy potential. The dependence of the velocity of air currents on the length of geographical parallels is shown. Thus, during the formation of air currents near the equator – the longest parallel of the planet (Hadley circulation cell), their velocity, which is set by the axial rotation of the Earth, is higher than the speed of sound and twice as high as similar flows originating in the temperate latitudes (Ferell cell). Paleogeographic evidence confirming Milankovich’s calculations about the different duration of the solar cycle period in the low, temperate and polar latitudes is presented. Thus, the dating of the terraces of the island of Barbados in the Caribbean Sea (low latitudes) showed that the period of the Milankovich cycle here is close to 20 thousand years. While in the zone of temperate latitudes, the period of the same cycle, judging by the dating of the stadial moraines of the former glacial covers, is 41 thousand years, i. e. twice as long. Maximum – up to 100 thousand years – set for polar latitudes in the study of the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland. Different degrees of meteorological impacts on ecosystems and the level of natural hazards within different latitudinal corridors have been revealed. The most dynamic and dangerous are the low latitudes with their hurricanes, typhoons, floods and storms with high frequency. This should be taken into account when developing a strategy for the economic development of high-risk territories and preventive measures for the protection of engineering orientation.