The Research and Application Suggestions of Degradable Macromolecule Materials

Abstract

In this paper, reviewed some biodegradable polymer materials such as photodegradable polymeric materials, chemical synthesis polymer materials, microbial synthesis polymer materials, photo biodegradable polymeric materials and mixed type polymer materials. Points out the existing problems and the development directions of degradable polymeric materials. And some suggestions for future development. The widespread application of polymer material products caused a lot of waste, which has become the concern of the international community and serious environmental pollution problems to be solved. Using the traditional incineration, burial and other processing techniques have some deficiencies, and recycling often has certain limitation, so developing the degradable polymer material which can be accepted by environment is the way to solve waste disposal problem of polymer materials, especially the important way for the pollution problems of goods which is hard to recycle disposable, which has become a hot topic at the field of polymer (8). Degradable macromolecule materials waste in the natural environment, with the effect of various environmental factors for a certain time can automatically decomposed into small molecular substances with no environmental pollution, and which even can be involved in metabolism cycle and assimilation. Biodegradable macromolecule materials refers to the polymer materials after used in the specific environmental conditions, with the effect of some environmental factors such as light, wind, water, oxygen, microorganisms, insects and mechanical force(9), whose the chemical structure can change significantly in a short period of time, thus causing biological deterioration, which eventually is absorbed by environment. According to the different dissolution mechanism, degradable macromolecule materials can be divided into photodegradable polymeric materials, biodegradable polymer materials, photo biodegradable polymer materials, oxidative degradation of polymer materials, composite degradable polymeric materials and so on, wherein the biodegradable polymer materials refers to the polymer materials under the effect of tissue cells, enzymes and body fluid in natural microorganisms or in human and animal body, make its chemical structure changes, which cause the change in molecular weight decreases and the performance(1). Application of biodegradable polymeric materials is widely, and which has broad application prospects in the packaging, food and catering industry, disposable daily necessities, drug controlled release system, clinical medicine, medical equipment and other fields, so the development of biodegradable polymer materials have become the focus of research in the world.