Abstract

The reproduction of culture in dictionaries constitutes one of the fundamental prob-lems of lexicographers today. What is the nature of cultural data in dictionaries? To what extent should cultural aspects be transferred from one language to another? How should this transfer take place? This article attempts to discuss the relevance of the reproduction of Gabonese cultural aspects in dictionaries in French and the Gabonese languages. One of the main problems the compilers of these dictionaries encountered was the transfer and the translation of some cultural aspects.In order to discuss the nature and extent of cultural information in Gabonese dictionaries, this article will restrict itself to the following points:— The translation of different realities— The role of culture in the change of meaning— Dictionaries and cultural activities— Dictionaries and cultural ethics— Dictionaries and language registers— Dictionaries and culture maintenance— Dictionaries and the standardization of culturePrior to a discussion of the above-mentioned points, a brief description of the dictionaries investi-gated will be given. After a description of the influence of cultural contexts on lexicographers in the choice of macrostructural elements and their treatment, cultural differences between source and target languages in the dictionaries of Gabonese languages are discussed. The article concludes with the observation that the majority of existing lexicographic works tend to survey the full vocabulary of the language. The lexicographic treatment of some words is satisfactory because an account of the underlying worldview of the people is given. For example, in this article, the fol-lowing themes are considered: dietary practices, sexuality, mythology, traditional pharmacopoeia, the kinship system, hospitality, and respect for traditional authority and elders. However, to be used in the most efficient way, these lexicographic publications need to be revised.Keywords: CULTURE, DICTIONARIES, TARGET USER, TRANSLATION, CULTURAL ACTIVITIES, CULTURAL ETHICS, LANGUAGE LEVELS, CULTURE MAINTENANCE, STAN-DARDIZATION OF CULTURE, GABONESE LANGUAGESRésumé: La reproduction des aspects culturels dans les dictionnaires en français et en langues gabonaises. La reproduction de la culture dans les dictionnaires constitue l'un des problèmes fondamentaux des lexicographes aujourd'hui. Quelle est la nature des données culturelles dans les dictionnaires? Jusqu'à quel point les données culturelles doivent-elles être transférées d'une langue à une autre? Comment ce transfert doit-il se faire? Cet article tente d'examiner la pertinence de la reproduction des aspects des cultures gabonaises dans les diction-naires en français et en langues gabonaises. L'un des principaux problèmes rencontrés par les rédacteurs de ses dictionnaires était le transfert et la traduction de certains aspects culturels.Pour discuter de la nature et du degré des informations culturelles dans les dictionnaires en langues gabonaises, cet article va se limiter aux points suivants:— La traduction de différentes réalités— Le rôle de la culture dans le changement du sens— Les dictionnaires et les activités culturelles— Les dictionnaires et la morale culturelle— Les dictionnaires et les registres de langue— Les dictionnaires et la maintenance de la culture— Les dictionnaires et la standardisation de la cultureAvant une discussion des points sus-mentionnés, une brève description des dictionnaires examinés sera donnée. Après une description de l'influence des contextes culturels dans le choix des élé-ments macrostructuraux ainsi que de leur traitement, les divergences culturelles entre langues-sources et langues-cibles dans les dictionnaires en langues gabonaises seront examinés. L'article conclut par l'observation que la majorité des travaux lexicographiques existants tente de donner un aperçu du lexique total de la langue. Le traitement lexicographique de certains mots est satisfaisant parce qu'il prend en compte la vision du monde sous-jacente des populations. Par exemple, dans cet article, les thèmes suivants sont pris en compte: habitudes alimentaires, sexualité, mythologie, pharmacopée traditionnelle, système de parenté, hospitalité, et le respect de l'autorité traditionnelle et des aînés. Cependant, pour être utilisées de la manière la plus efficace, ses publications lexico-graphiques méritent d'être révisées.Mots-clés: CULTURE, DICTIONNAIRES, PUBLIC CIBLE, TRADUCTION, ACTIVITÉS CUL-TURELLES, CULTURE MORALE, NIVEAUX DE LANGUE, MAINTENANCE CULTURELLE, STANDARDISATION DE LA CULTURE, LANGUES GABONAISES

Highlights

  • In present-day lexicography, there is a tendency to give an account of the underlying culture and civilization of the languages being described

  • In this article dealing with the reproduction of Gabonese cultural aspects in existing dictionaries of Gabonese languages, the primary focus has been on the rendering of words of a traditional nature, e.g. the names of plants, insects and animals, as well as the names of other natural phenomena

  • If the articles are looked at along encyclopedic lines, all the dictionaries under discussion give a wealth of information about Gabon: its place-names, flora and fauna

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Summary

Introduction

In present-day lexicography, there is a tendency to give an account of the underlying culture and civilization of the languages being described. Too often lexicographers compiling dictionaries in the languages in question have been focusing on encyclopaedic or extra-linguistic aspects of the lemma instead of on linguistic data. One of the main problems the compilers of these dictionaries encountered, was the transfer and the translation of certain cultural aspects from one language to another. Gabonese dictionaries are investigated here with a view to comparing how the cultural transfer is taking place as well as its limitations. An attempt will be made to answer the following questions: What is the nature and extent of cultural information in existing Gabonese dictionaries? Various cultural gaps between source and target languages in the existing dictionaries will be shown as well as the ways cultural and environmental contexts have influenced lexicographers in the choice of macrostructural elements and their treatment. Sud-Gabon (1966), — Dictionnaire Français–Mpongwé, Raponda-Walker (19952), and — "Lexique" in Nsuka-Nkutsi (Ed.), Rittaud-Hutinet (1980)

A brief description of the investigated dictionaries
The translation of different realities
The role of culture in the change of meaning
Dictionaries and cultural activities
Dictionaries and cultural ethics
Dictionaries and language registers
Dictionaries and culture maintenance
Dictionaries and the standardization of culture
Conclusion
Full Text
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