Abstract
In the context of subaltern narrative, the identity of the courtesan in Manto's stories is a complex and multi-dimensional subject. According to subaltern theory, those individuals or classes who are marginalized or whose voices are silenced do not find a place in the dominant narrative, and they are discussed within a socio-political framework. In Manto's writings, the courtesan is presented as part of a similar suppressed and overlooked class. Manto portrays the courtesan not only as a victim of social stigma and exploitation but also as a human being with emotions and struggles. Courtesans, who are often considered symbols of sin and disgrace by society, emerge in Manto’s stories as individuals with sensitivity, pain, and emotional depth. These stories show the lives and challenges of courtesans as part of an oppressed class, trying to find their place in a rigid social structure. Manto presents the identity of courtesans in a way that challenges the notion of them being merely women involved in prostitution. Rather, their existence reflects deep suffering, human emotions and echoes of social injustice. Courtesans in Manto’s stories are the subaltern voices that do not find a space in the mainstream social narrative, but Manto, by bringing their stories to the forefront, emphasizes that their identity and experiences are just as important as anyone else’s.
Published Version
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