Abstract
Abstract The dye production and its use in textile and related industries resulted in discharge of dye to wastewater. Adsorption for color removal is known as equilibrium separation process, and the resultant decolorization is influenced by physicochemical factors such as adsorbent surface area. The nanofiber membranes prepared by the electrospinning method have controllable nanofiber diameter and pore size distribution (PSD) with a high surface area to volume or mass ratio. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous membranes were prepared by the electrospinning method at different collection times such as 3, 5 and 10 h and heat fixated at 130, 150 and 170°C for 10 min, and then, the adsorption capability of PVA nanofiber membranes for Reactive Red 141 from aqueous solution was investigated. In order to make PVA nanofibers stable to water, the nanofibrous membranes were chemically cross-linked by a polycarboxylic acid (1,2,3,4 butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA)). PVA nanofibrous membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, swelling tests and pore size analysis. The results indicated that BTCA crosslinking improved the thermal and water stability of the nanofibrous structure but has no significant effect on the pore sizes of the membranes. Adsorption of Reactive Red 141 was studied by the batch technique, and it was observed that PVA nanofibers removed approximately >80% of the dye.
Highlights
The world dyes and pigments market was estimated at USD 30.42 billion in 2016 [1]
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of heat-fixated neat and BTCA cross-linked electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers In Figures 2–4, the TGA thermograms of 10 h produced neatPVA and heat-fixated PVA nanofibers with and without BTCA are given according to fixation temperature
Neat-PVA and PVA−BTCA nanofibers were produced by electrospinning method for the adsorption of Reactive Red 141
Summary
The world dyes and pigments market was estimated at USD 30.42 billion in 2016 [1]. More than 100,000 commercial dyes are available with over 700,000 tons of production annually [2] of which 50% are textile dyes [3]. Physical methods that include adsorption, ion exchange, filtration and membrane-filtration processes (nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis) are widely used in industry because of their dye removal potentials and low operating costs [2]. The process has attracted a great deal of attention due to its relative ease of use, adaptability [16, 17], lots of possibilities for surface functionalization [18, 19] with a high surface area to volume or mass ratio, small interfibrous pore size and high porosity [17, 20, 21] These properties have led electrospun nanofiber membranes to be used for the removal of heavy metal ions [22,23,24] and dye molecules from textile wastewater [25, 26]. The produced PVA nanofiber membranes were evaluated for the color removal of Reactive Red 141 from aqueous solution
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