The Relativistic Nature of Entropy Changes

Claudio Zamitti Mammana

doi:10.1007/s13538-021-00936-1

Abstract

This paper presents a method to obtain the variations of the entropies of the phases of a chemical substance in its vapor state, which allows deriving, from thermodynamics, the axioms of a quantum theory that conforms to special relativity.

Highlights

1 Introduction Let us start by recalling some fundamental discoveries that occurred before the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics: 1. In 1738, Daniel Bernoulli showed that a system of particles endowed with momentum degrees of freedom, enclosed inside a container of fixed volume V, exerts a pressure p on its internal surface
Around 1850, Clausius revealed the existence of a hitherto unknown magnitude conjugated to the temperature, the entropy S, which allowed him to demonstrate the asymmetry of time and contributed with the mathematical conditions for the eventual formulation of the fundamental identity of thermodynamics, TdS = dE + pdV
In addition to presenting the equation of state of the perfect vapor in interaction with electromagnetic radiation and explaining the mechanisms of entropy formation during the vaporization–condensation processes, the present paper suggests a reinterpretation of the following axiom of quantum mechanics, which turns that theory consistent with both thermodynamics and special relativity: Axiom

Summary

Introduction

Let us start by recalling some fundamental discoveries that occurred before the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics: 1. In 1738, Daniel Bernoulli showed that a system of particles endowed with momentum degrees of freedom, enclosed inside a container of fixed volume V, exerts a pressure p on its internal surface. Note that the explanations given above have nothing to do with the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which assigns to the so-called uncertainty principle the consequences of the constraint Δp Δq ≥ h. Displacing a system of bosons from equilibrium allows distinguishing some of them from others; removing a gas of fermions from its stationary state might force more than one fermion to occupy the same quantum state

The Perfect Vapor

Matter–radiation Equilibrium

Matter–radiation Interaction

Space‐time X Timeless Space

Frequency Match Principle

Conclusions