Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit the world badly with high mortality. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection increased the COVID-19 burden among developed and developing countries due to the unavailability of proven treatment options. Vitamin D has many important anti-inflammatory, immunomodulator, and anti-viral functions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between Vitamin D in COVID-19.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Patna, India. All the patients were enrolled during the period of 3.5 months. A chemiluminescence-based immunoassay analyzer was used to quantify Vitamin D among COVID-19 patients. The study compared Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among different groups, i.e., age, sex, BMI, comorbidity, etc. Diabetes and hypertension were evaluated as risk factors for mortality.Results: A total of 225 patients were investigated. Of these, 13.6% had Vitamin D deficiency and 38.9% had insufficiency. Vitamin D level was statistically significant among different age groups, sex, and smokers. Patients aged >60 years were 23 times more likely to have a severe illness (adjusted OR (aOR) 23.53, 95%CI 4.67-118.61), whereas those aged 40 to 60 years were 11 times more likely to have a severe illness (aOR 10.86, 95%CI 2.39-49.31). Patients with many comorbidities, on the other hand, had a tenfold greater chance of severe COVID-19 (aOR 9.94, 95%CI 2.47-39.88). A deficiency of vitamin D increased the chance of a serious illness by nearly five times (aOR 4.72, 95%CI 1.31-17.03).Conclusion: Vitamin D level was associated with severity of illness; it can be used to estimate the prognosis of COIVD-19 patients and aid in the modification of treatment protocols.
Highlights
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit the world badly with high mortality
We discovered a significant link between a low level of Vitamin D and the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, supported by previous research that found Vitamin D had protective effects against respiratory distress
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were found to be prevalent in 13.6% and 38.9% of the participants in the current study, respectively
Summary
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit the world badly with high mortality. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection increased the COVID-19 burden among developed and developing countries due to the unavailability of proven treatment options. In March 2020, the WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic [1]. The virus had infected at least 418 million worldwide as of February 20, 2022. It has cost the lives of 5.8 million people worldwide [2]. Due to the lack of a viable treatment, health experts worldwide were left with no therapeutic choices, and vaccines were designed with effectiveness and protection in mind; the virus continued to spread, infecting and killing more people
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