The relationship between the Kazakhs and the peasant-migrants of Western Kazakhstan in the XIX - early XX century

Dmitriy Yakovlevich Frizen

doi:10.17816/snv20164209

Abstract

The relationships between Kazakhs and Russian peasants have evolved for a long time. Over the past 20 years, Kazakh historians were unable to find new methods of research on the agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan. Basically, agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan is considered as a negative process, as the Russification of the Kazakh people. The majority of Kazakh historians write in similar spirit, and hence it is quite difficult to give an objective assessment of the events. The article reveals the problem of adaptation of the Russian peasants in the Western Kazakhstan in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During the period of the Stolypin agrarian reform more than 1 million immigrants from various Russian provinces came to Kazakhstan. The tsarist government discussed the issue of agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan for a long time. The settlers began to rent the Kazakhs land. Settlements of Russian peasants appeared in the Kazakh steppes, and the Kazakhs began to settle near these villages. The relationship between the Kazakh population and the immigrants were peaceful. They worked together on the ground, sowed bread. Many Kazakhs began to learn the Russian language and were hired to work for Russian peasants. Labor contacts became more active. Western Kazakhstan was actively involved in the Russian market.

Highlights

The authors compare necessary medical assistance at the beginning and at the end of the century and using various sources including the archival ones come to the conclusion that the state didn’t pay much attention to the organization of health care in the region economy at the beginning of the 19th century: lack of health culture which could include the necessary number of medical institutions, lack of professionally trained medical staff, rules and recommendations about a healthy lifestyle
By the end of the century the situation had undergone positive changes – there were medical institutions with beds and rooms available enough for patients, there were charity societies with medical care for people in need; the state spent money to ensure personnel functioning and hospital equipment, as well as injections that were free for the population
At the end of the 19th century the health culture of the population became an integral part of Central Volga area economy and the country in general

Summary

Introduction

HEALTH CULTURE OF THE CENTRAL VOLGA AREA POPULATION IN THE XIX CENTURY ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЯ МЕЖДУ КАЗАХАМИ И КРЕСТЬЯНАМИ-ПЕРЕСЕЛЕНЦАМИ ЗАПАДНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА В XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА За последние 20 лет в казахстанской исторической науке не были выработаны качественно новые, концептуальные методологические подходы к оценке истории аграрной колонизации Казахстана в XIX – начале XX века. 07.00.00 – исторические науки и археология негативная оценка, когда ход и последствия аграрной колонизации осуждаются авторами, изображаются как процесс «русификации» казахов, «разрушающий» менталитет народа и его традиционный быт.

Results

Conclusion