The Relationship between Kinesiophobia and Return to Sport after Shoulder Surgery for Recurrent Anterior Instability

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the relationship between kinesiophobia and patient's return to sport after shoulder stabilization surgery. The hypothesis was that kinesiophobia represents an independent factor correlated to the difference between preinjury and postoperative level of sport. Methods This study retrospectively evaluated 66 patients (mean age: 35.5, standard deviation [SD] = 9.9 years) and at a mean follow-up of 61.1 (SD = 37.5) months after arthroscopic Bankart's repair or open Bristow–Latarjet procedure. Kinesiophobia was assessed with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK); return to the preinjury sport was assessed by the difference between baseline and postoperative degree of shoulder involvement in sport (D-DOSIS) scale. The Western Ontario Shoulder Instability index (WOSI) was used to evaluate participants' perceptions of shoulder function. Results TSK showed correlation with D-DOSIS ( ρ = 0.505, p < 0.001) and the WOSI score ( ρ = 0.589, p < 0.001). There was significant difference in TSK and WOSI scores between participants who had and had not returned to their previous level of sport participation ( p = 0.006, and 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion This study demonstrated that kinesiophobia is correlated to the return to sport after shoulder stabilization surgery. Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective case series.