Abstract
The purpose of this article was to review the data on the relationship between multi-joint isometric strength test (IsoTest) force-time characteristics (peak force, rate of force development and impulse) and dynamic performance that is available in the current literature. Four electronic databases were searched using search terms related to IsoTest. Studies were considered eligible if they were original research studies that investigated the relationships between multi-joint IsoTest and performance of dynamic movements; published in peer-reviewed journals; had participants who were athletes or active individuals who participate in recreational sports or resistance training, with no restriction on sex; and had full text available. A total of 47 studies were selected. These studies showed significant small to large correlations between isometric bench press (IBP) force-time variables and upper body dynamic performances (r2 = 0.221 to 0.608, p < 0.05) and significant small to very large correlation between isometric squat (ISqT) (r2 = 0.085 to 0.746, p < 0.05) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) (r2 = 0.120 to 0.941, p < 0.05) force-time variables with lower body dynamic performances. IsoTest force-time characteristics were shown to have small to very large correlations with dynamic performances of the upper and lower limbs as well as performance of sporting movements (r2 = 0.118 to 0.700, p < 0.05). These data suggest that IsoTest force-time characteristics provide insights into the force production capability of athletes which give insight into dynamic performance capabilities.
Highlights
Muscular strength or the ability to produce force against a resistance is an important physical attribute that underpins athletic performance [1,2]
Loturco et al [34] verified the relationships between punching impact forces and mechanical variables measured during the isometric squat (ISqT), countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), isometric bench press (IBP), dynamic bench press and bench throw. These results indicated that the jab and cross at a fixed position, along with the jab and cross at a self-selected position have large to very large correlation with the peak force (PF) achieved during the ISqT
Results from the study by Wells et al [81] suggest that coaches can use isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) to measure the force development or rate of force development (RFD) at different time frames to monitor the effectiveness of the physical training for golfers of various skill levels, as Leary et al [33] suggested that rapid force development is an important factor in developing high golf club speed
Summary
Muscular strength or the ability to produce force against a resistance is an important physical attribute that underpins athletic performance [1,2]. Greater muscular strength is generally associated with a greater muscular power, rate of force development (RFD), and enhanced jumping, sprinting and change of direction performance capacity [1,2]. Strength training interventions have been reported to benefit the performance in a variety of other sports such as endurance running [3,4], swimming [4,5], cycling [4,6] and sprint kayaking [7]. Maximum strength is often monitored as part of a performance or monitoring program in order to track training progression.
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