Abstract
BackgroundNegative energy balance (NEB) is a common pathological foundation of ketosis and fatty liver. Liver and fat tissue are the major organs of lipid metabolism and take part in modulating lipid oxidative capacity and energy demands, which is also a key metabolic pathway that regulates NEB develop during perinatal period. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is a recently discovered protein hormone that plays an important and specific regulating role in adipose lipid metabolism and liver gluconeogenesis for human and mouse. Our aim is to investigate the variation and relationship between serum FGF-21 concentration and characteristic parameters related to negative energy balance in different energy metabolism state.MethodsIn this research, five non-pregnant, non-lactating Holstein–Friesian dairy cows were randomly allocated into two groups. The interventions were a controlled-energy diet (30 % of maintenance energy requirements) and a moderate-energy diet (120 % of predicted energy requirements) that lasted for the duration of the experiment. We measured biochemical parameters, serum FGF-21, leptin and insulin levels by commercial ELISA kits.ResultsThe results showed that serum FGF-21 levels were significantly higher in both groups treated with a controlled-energy diet, while FGF-21 levels in both groups treated with moderate-energy diet were low. FGF-21 levels exhibited a significant positive correlation with serum leptin levels, while an inverse relationship was found between FGF-21 and blood glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA) levels.ConclusionAn increase in FGF-21 levels after a controlled-energy diet treatment may contribute to a positive metabolic effect which could result in a new theoretical and practical basis for the preventive strategy of dairy cows with NEB.
Highlights
Negative energy balance (NEB) is a common pathological foundation of ketosis and fatty liver
Our experiment makes references to perinatal period model reported by Schoenberg [11], and our research group adequately improve the design of experiment to study the relationship between serum Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) concentration and characteristic parameters related to energy balance in different energy metabolism states
Our study demonstrated that dairy cows that were under a controlled-energy diet significantly increased their serum FGF-21 levels, but for dairy cows that were under a moderate-energy diet, serum FGF-21 levels decreased significantly
Summary
Negative energy balance (NEB) is a common pathological foundation of ketosis and fatty liver. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is a recently discovered protein hormone that plays an important and specific regulating role in adipose lipid metabolism and liver gluconeogenesis for human and mouse. Negative energy balance (NEB) which is characterized by gluconeogenesis and lipodystrophy is the pivotal point and common pathological foundation of ketosis and fatty liver. Recent experimental studies on mice have identified brown adipose tissue as one of the key sources of FGF-21 when exposed to cold conditions. It is mainly through Beta adrenaline and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which mediates norepinephrine, and, an activated protein kinase to mediate the process of FGF-21 gene transcription and FGF-21 protein release [1, 2]. Experimental studies have identified that FGF-21 had a protective effect on Diet Induced Obesity (DIO) mice, and an increase in
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