Abstract
Breast milk contains several active biological components such as epidermal growth factor (EGF). Colostrum breast milk have much biological components than mature breast milk. Endogenous infection only increases the level of fecal IL-8. However, study that discusses the relationship between breast milk EGF and IL-8 cytokine inside neonate digestive system is not yet present. Thus, this study aimed to discover the relationship of EGF in the breast milk process stage—from the colostrum to the transitional, and the fecal Interleukin-8 inflammatory cytokine on neonates. There were 24 neonates that categorized into four study sample groups (atterm neonates, mild preterm neonates, very preterm neonates, and extremely preterm neonates). The EGF level in the breast milk was gained from neonate age of 3rd day for colostrum breast milk and 10th day for transitional breast milk from both preterm and atterm neonates. Based on ANOVA test, the mean EGF of atterm neonate colostrum milk was higher (776,25 ± 877; p = 0,0013) compared to the preterm neonate, and so was the mean EGF of atterm neonate transitional milk (645,48 ± 296; p = 0,0001). Statistical test using Pearson test and Bartlett’s test indicated a relationship (p=0.000) and r = - 0.4207 that showed negative correlation between EGF level in breastmilk with IL-8 fecal neonates.
Highlights
Breast milk is the best food for both preterm and atterm newborns
Study that discusses the relationship between breast milk epidermal growth factor (EGF) and IL-8 cytokine inside neonate digestive system is not yet present
From statistical tests with linear regression found that was no relationship between colostrum breast milk EGF levels with neonatal body weight (p = 0.08) as well as for transition breast milk EGF level with neonatal body weight (p=0.58)
Summary
Breast milk is the best food for both preterm (before the full term) and atterm (full term) newborns. Breast milk contains several active biological components which can protect babies from infection, inflammation, and it can contribute to the maturation of immune system, development of organ system, and colonization of normal flora which supports the intestinal maturation of the newborn babies. These are the functions of epidermal growth factors (EGF) [1]. Indonesia was ranked 7th out of the 10 countries with the highest preterm mortality rate, which was 25.800 deaths [2] This was different with atterm baby—because preterm baby is a baby group having high risks. Epidermal growth factor was resistant to low pH and digestive enzymes, allowing it to pass through the stomach to the intestine, where EGF stimulates enterocytes to increase DNA synthesis, cell division, absorption of water and glucose, and protein synthesis [5]
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