The Reflection of Abrupt Climatic Changes in the Relief and Sequence of Continental Deposits

Abstract

The abrupt climatic changes in the temperature and hydrology (precipitation), that last for only ca. one or two centuries, but are so important and continuous that they cause a disturbance and often a change in the equilibrium of the system, are reconstructed on the basis of forms and continental deposits in the temperature zone. The following abrupt changes are discussed for the last 11000 years; 10.9–10.6 Ka, 8.4–8.0 Ka, 5.0–4.5 Ka, 2.8–2.4 Ka BP and the Little Ice Age. The following abrupt climatic changes have been distinguished: a/abrupt warmings and coolings and b/short waves of increased humidity and increased flood frequency.