The Reduction of Dioxin Emissions from the Processes of Heat and Power Generation

Abstract

ABSTRACT The first reports that it is possible to emit dioxins from the heat and power generation sector are from the beginning of the 1980s. Detailed research proved that the emission of dioxins might occur during combustion of hard coal, brown coal, and furnace oil as well as coke-oven gas. The emission of dioxins occurs in wood incineration; wood that is clean and understood as biomass; or, in particular, wood waste (polluted). This paper thoroughly discusses the mechanism of dioxin formation in thermal processes, first and foremost in combustion processes. The parameters influencing the quantity of dioxins formed and the dependence of their quantity on the conditions of combustion are highlighted. Furthermore, the methods of reducing dioxin emissions from combustion processes (primary and secondary) are discussed. The most efficacious methods that may find application in the heat and power generation sector are proposed; this is relevant from the point of view of the implementation of the Stockholm Convention resolutions in Poland with regard to persistent organic pollutants. IMPLICATIONS In this study, the problem of emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from the heat and power generation sector is discussed. It is proven that practically all combustion processes may be a source of emission of dioxins into the atmosphere. The implementation of the Stockholm Convention with reference to persistent organic pollutants will require that the measures leading to the reduction of dioxin emissions will also be taken in this sector. A critical analysis of the actually available emission reduction methods was performed and such methods that might find a practical application are highlighted.