Abstract
BackgroundNatural resources provide more efficient and safer alternatives in managing diabetes compare to the synthetic oral anti diabetes (OAD). The plants not only have hypoglycemic effect, but also prevent its complications; in which no synthetic drugs provide of both properties. Among antidiabetes plants, mahogany seed (Swietenia macrophylla) has been used as traditional medicine in Indonesia and India, though most popular utilized as timber wood. MethodsThe present study was performed of chemotaxonomic approach to review its phytochemical and anti-diabetic properties of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq seed/bark/leaves. The qualitative systematic review (SR) was carried out by analysing indexed journals and peer reviewed of Swietenia and Swietenia spp from Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. Data selection criteria are accordance to botany, phytochemistry, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical test of related subject. The keywords used for the search in the databases were Swietenia, Swietenia mahagony, diabetes, and diabetes plants. ResultsSwietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. extracts have shown in vitro, in vivo and limited clinically test of its anti-diabetic properties. Ethanolic/methanolic/aqueous/petroleum/n-hexane extracts of mahagonis's seed/bark or leaves have anti-diabetic activities comparable to the synthetic drug and observed no to relatively mild toxic effect. The hypoglycemic mechanism suggested via reducing blood glucose level, restoring liver and β-cells islet function (might) blocking epinephrine function, inhibiting of α-amylase and β-glucosidase, antioxidant and antihiperlipidemia. Phytochemical compounds of S. mahagoni consist of the phenolics (flavonoids (swietemacrophyllanin, catechins and epichatechins) and tannins), triterpenoids and tetranortriterpenoids (limonoids: mahonin, secomahoganin, swietmanins, swiemahogins, swietenine and swietenolide), saponins and alkaloids which are known as anti-diabetic bioactive principles. ConclusionS. mahagoni was potentially used and developed as an antidiabetes source. To use it as an antidiabetic further, more extensive clinical trials and biomarkers of active compounds determination are needed.
Highlights
Diabetes is endocrine chronic metabolic disorder in insulin production or insulin resistance
The results indicated the MEMS potential use for the diabetes therapy, oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia related complications (De, et al, 2011)
The results showed a significant reduction in the activities of hepatic hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase sequence to elevation in glucose-6-phosphatase were noted in diabetes animals compare to control animals
Summary
Diabetes is endocrine chronic metabolic disorder in insulin production or insulin resistance. Insulin is one of among the hormones which regulate the blood glucose level (BGL). Diabetes prevalence estimates more than two times at 2030 from 171 million people (2000) and will be seventh leading cause of death. It will be global burden for low- and middle-income countries, so diabetes was one of four targeted priorities of non-communicable diseases in the 2011 (World Health Organization, 2016). Diabetes therapy objective is to sustain normal BGL with diet, physical activities, medication; blood glucose level regularly check and complications therapy. Plants provide great alternatives to manage diabetes. It was used in many developing countries with natural diversity resources. The present study was performed chemotaxonomic approach to review phytochemical and anti-diabetic properties of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq
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