Abstract
For decades, the water deficit has been a severe global issue. A reliable supply of water is needed to ensure sustainable economic development in population growth, industrialization and urbanization. To solve this major challenge, membrane-based water treatment technology has attracted a great deal of attention to produce clean drinking water from groundwater, seawater and brackish water. The emergence of nanotechnology in membrane science has opened new frontiers in the development of advanced polymeric membranes to enhance filtration performance. Nevertheless, some obstacles such as fouling and trade-off of membrane selectivity and permeability of water have hindered the development of traditional polymeric membranes for real applications. To overcome these issues, the modification of membranes has been pursued. The use of macromolecules for membrane modification has attracted wide interests in recent years owing to their interesting chemical and structural properties. Membranes modified with macromolecules have exhibited improved anti-fouling properties due to the alteration of their physiochemical properties in terms of the membrane morphology, porosity, surface charge, wettability, and durability. This review provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in the development of macromolecule modified polymeric membranes. The role of macromolecules in polymeric membranes and the advancement of these membrane materials for water solution are presented. The challenges and future directions for this subject are highlighted.
Highlights
The shortage of fresh water caused by population growth, climate change, industrial development, energy plant and urbanization are the most critical challenge facing mankind today [1,2]
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QAC) are distinguished into three primary groups: (a) linear alkolylammonium; (b) imidazole; and (c) pyridinium compounds, three primary groups: (a) linear alkolylammonium; (b) imidazole; and (c) pyridinium compounds, depending on the ternary amine used during synthesis alkylating
Membrane-based filtration has been commonly used for the treatment of sewage and brackish water, pure water and waste water, as well as for the isolation and purification of substances in industrial applications
Summary
The shortage of fresh water caused by population growth, climate change, industrial development, energy plant and urbanization are the most critical challenge facing mankind today [1,2]. By repetitive monomeric units branching, hyper-branched polymers can be used to generate high density surface-group polymers These structures play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of macromolecules and affecting flexibility. Macromolecules such as dendrimers/hyperbranched polymers, block copolymer micelles and supramolecular assemble nanoparticles are becoming the essential candidates for the preparation of water separation membranes. Due to their unique structure and flexible backbone, organic nanoparticles become versatile and compatible with the membrane of the polymer matrix. This study will encourage further studies to tackle current membrane design problems and introduce practical applications of membranes in order to improve membrane performance
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
