The RANA Model Revisited: How a Primary Nursing Model for Professional Psychiatric Nursing Practice Has Withstood the Test of Time.

Abstract

This article revisits the responsible, accountable nurse with authority (RANA) model and its continued application to psychiatric-mental health nursing care nearly 30 years after its development. It will ascertain key elements of the model that remain in use today, while identifying parts of the model that have transformed over the years. This article will also explore the theoretical underpinnings of the model, including Peplau's interpersonal relations theory. The impact of the primary nursing and relationship-based care models that influenced the RANA role will also be explored. Specific examples of how the RANA model has affected unit outcomes will be identified, such as improved patient safety measures and satisfaction with care. The nurse-patient relationship and therapeutic alliance is fundamental to the RANA model and directly affects patient outcomes.