Abstract
1. Over 200 out of 400 cases of epiphora were examined by a new approach to routine radiography of the lacrimal systems using an original arrangement of apparatus for macro-radiography. This method enhances the value of the examination. 2. The levels of obstruction of the lacrimal systems are illustrated, analysed and classified into: 22 per cent high level; 63 per cent middle level; 15 per cent low level. The state of completeness of these obstructions at the different levels is determined. The commonest level of complete obstruction is shown to be in the region of the neck of the sac and not, as generally accepted, at the bony rim of the lacrimal canal or in the canal itself. The cause of this obstruction is found by macro-radiographs and dissection of the cadaver to be due to the nature of the split fascia of the orbicularis muscle at this level. 3. The frequency of epiphora in severe middle third fractures of the face is determined as 12 per cent. This rarity of epiphora is due to the direction of the...
Published Version
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