Abstract

From the fundamental noνα = 1 formula, the up quark was identified as an exchange particle based on its mass, which implies that the particle is newly formed and not, as the current theory says, transformed from the d quark through ß-decay. The quark rotation most possibly imparts a fast oscillatory rotation to the quarks (weak interaction), which in turn imparts the rotation to the nucleon. The transferred rotation is partially decoupled from the quarks, which means that the transferred rotation velocity does not depend on the oscillation velocity of the quark structure, but on its radius r, where r is the virtual quantized radius of the quark rotation or quark oscillation. In case of the week interaction, when the quarks begin to oscillate, the rotation is partially decoupled from the individual quarks and transferred to the triple quark structure in the transverse direction to the main axis of rotation. From this, a unified formula for the gravitation and EM forces could be deduced.

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