The Quality of Age Reporting in the 2014 Morocco Census

Among the global problems in the world, one of the important topics is the demographic situation. Basic and accurate parameters of the demographic situation are collected during the census, that is why the general population census is an event of national importance. Like the rest of the world, population censuses in Georgia have a centuries-old history. The frequency and main characteristics of the censuses were conducted at different times with different purposes and interests. It is based on the methodology developed by the United Nations and is conducted in accordance with unified, standard and normative indicators. The introduction of a whole series of innovations is designed for sustainable development in accordance with the task of the 2030 agenda. The use of census data shows us that the role and importance of censuses in the modern global world has grown even more. The "Recommendations of the Conference of European Statisticians for the 2020 Round of the Population and Housing Census", which was prepared by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) for the 2015 round, is particularly noteworthy. The recommendations addressed such important aspects of the population census as data privacy and security, legislation, definitions of terms, phases of the census, publication and dissemination of results, quality assurance and quality management, and technologies used in the census process. Along with the given recommendations, the document focuses on the list of data that countries should receive in the 2020 round of population and housing census, namely: population, its geographical, demographic and economic characteristics; Agriculture, education, migration, ethno-cultural characteristics, disabilities, household and family characteristics and housing characteristics. The census of 2024 will provide us with important and versatile information, which is necessary to assess the demographic situation in the country, to clearly see the existing problems and challenges. The new population census methodology developed by the United Nations and, accordingly, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFDA) includes a number of innovations in the census questionnaire, which deals with immigration status, disabilities, type of marriage and marriage registration. The introduction of innovations is designed for sustainable development in accordance with the task of the 2030 agenda.

The Population and Housing Census remains vital as the main source of data collection aimed at providing a comprehensive set of statistical information about the population in the country in terms of its size and spatial distribution, its demographic, social and economic characteristics as well as housing stock at a specific time reference. The census provides essential information for policy development and planning, for managing and evaluating programmes activities across a broad spectrum of sectors and for monitoring overall progress. The Census being a total coverage and complete count of the population, household and living quarters at a given time enables to provide for a wide scope of enquiry even to the extent to meet the demand for data on small areas statistics. The United Nations Statistical Commission launched the current 2010 World Population and Housing Census Programme covering a 10 year period from 2005-2014. It urges member states to carry a population and housing at least once over the above said period. Malaysia, launched the fifith decennial Population and Housing Census in July 2010 which provides a wealth of information on the population and household with demographic and socio-economic characteristics as well as housing stock. The 2010 Census round witnessed increased interest and use of improved technologies and new approaches in the different phases of the census operation. The emerging improved technologies are transforming the way the Census are conducted in terms of operation management, quality assurance, data capture, mapping (GIS, GPS), data processing and storage. Among the new approaches used during the Census are the use of internet based questionnaire for data collection, alternative publicity strategies being implemented and the web-based data dissemination. Even small improvements in census technology can result in important gains in the quality and cost-effectiveness of the whole census operation and still maintain the confidentiality of data. This paper outlines how the Department of Statistics Malaysia adopted new approaches and technologies during the 2010 Census. Highlights will also be given on the impact of the new technologies in the implementation of Census and the way forwardness. Keywords: Population and Housing Census 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 62P25

This study examined the effects of social housing manipulations on bodyweight, corticosterone levels, and performance of T-maze alternation in male CD-1 mice. Males that adopted a dominant social rank were heavier than those that adopted a subordinate social rank. Dominant males also had lower corticosterone concentrations than the subordinates. However, there was little to suggest that these physiological indicators of social rank were moderated by housing condition. Indeed, statistical analysis confirmed that the difference in bodyweights was evident before males were socially housed. The mice showed high levels of spatial alternation on the T-maze from the start of testing so performance accuracy was high. Neither social rank nor housing condition had any clear categorical effect on T-maze performance. However, performance did fluctuate over successive blocks of testing and there was a negative association between accuracy on the T-maze and corticosterone levels (consistent with performance impairment because of elevated corticosterone). Therefore, under present conditions, individual differences in corticosterone were a better predictor of T-maze performance than social rank or housing condition. The results of the present study lend further support to the proposition that corticosterone levels measured non-invasively in urine may be used to predict diverse welfare outcomes for laboratory mice, from bodyweight to cognitive performance. Moreover, intrinsic physiological parameters rather than external influences, such as social housing, may have more influence on mouse behaviour.

The population and housing census is part of an integrated national statistical system, which may include other censuses (for example, agriculture), surveys, registers and administrative files. It provides, at regular intervals, the benchmark for population count at national and local levels. For small geographical areas or sub-populations, it may represent the only source of information for certain social, demographic and economic characteristics. For many countries the census also provides a solid framework to develop sampling frames. This publication represents one of the pillars for data collection on the number and characteristics of the population of a country.

Male mice are frequently used for behavioral neuroscience research, but outcomes of behavioral tests are often variable across studies, contributing to poor reproducibility. Social housing conditions, social hierarchical status and within-cage order of testing are factors that likely influence behavioral outcomes, but it is unknown to what extent and if these factors interact. For this purpose, behavior of socially and individually housed male C57BL6/J mice was studied upon subjection to the open field test, the elevated plus-maze test and the three-chamber social test. In socially housed animals, effects of social hierarchical status and within-cage testing order were evaluated. We show that the differences in behavior outcomes between individually and socially housed mice depend on the social hierarchical status and the test order of the socially housed mice. Careful consideration of these factors in the design, analysis and interpretation of behavioral experiments with socially housed mice can lead to more precise results and more reliable research outcomes.

A comparison of cell-mediated immune responses in rhesus macaques housed singly, in pairs, or in groups

The environment in which middle-aged and elderly people face fewer social activities and exchanges are not active. In particular, they are in a situation where they have no choice but to live on their assets due to insufficient economic activities.This indicates that the quality of life may vary by demographic, social, and economic characteristics. This study analyzed the difference in the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people by demographic characteristics, social characteristics, and economic characteristics. As a result of the analysis, first, the difference in quality of life according to demographic characteristics showed significant differences in gender, age, and educational background, but there was no significant difference in gender, age, and educational background. Second, the difference in quality of life according to sociological characteristics was significantly different depending on the type of residence, residence area, subjective class consciousness, number of meetings, and participation in meetings (religion, fellowship, alumni association). Third, there was a significant difference in quality of life according to the general economic characteristics, such as the type of housing occupancy, the presence or absence of non-residential real estate, the presence or absence of economic activity, and individual gross income. The difference in quality of life according to asset holdings, which are economic power, showed significant differences in total real estate assets, total financial assets, other assets, total personal assets, and total personal liabilities, but there was no significant difference in self-purchased loans. These research results show that changes in the situation, such as population characteristics, sociological characteristics, and economic characteristics, are important variables that affect the quality of life. It can be said that it also mentions the need for efforts by the pan-government and society as a whole to improve factors that can be improved in these situations.

This paper describes the concept of the next population and housing census in Germany (scheduled for 2011) and the main results of large-scale surveys carried out for testing the model of a register-based census in December 2001. The most important element of the new census method is the use of a combination of the two data collection methods: (i) The geographic and demographic characteristics of persons can be drawn from the population registers and the economic characteristics can be obtained from employee registers (which do not cover self-emloyed persons); (ii) As there are no nation-wide registers for buildings and dwellings, the characteristics on dwellings and buildings have to be collected through a postal survey contact of the owners of the buildings/dwellings. Other census characteristics not available from registers (e.g. educational or ecomomic characteristics for self-emloyed persons) have to be collected through a supplementary sample survey. The housing census also provides information on dwellings (name of one or two occupants and the number of occupants) which can be used to link the individual persons stored in the population registers to their dwelling in order to create information on private (dwelling) households. The new census approach will not only reduce census costs significantly - the costs for a traditional census would be about 1 billion euros, while the costs for a widely register-based census are estimated at about 340 million euros - but it will also involve a much smaller response burden on the population than would be imposed by a complete enumeration. After World War II, four population and housing censuses were carried out in Germany: in 1950, 1961, 1970 and 1987. This was done in a traditional way by interviewing inhabitants in a complete enumeration. The last census scheduled for spring 1981 had to be postponed twice. The first postponement was for cost reasons: the Federal States (Ldemanded a contribution from the Federal Government towards the expenses of the municipalities for the field operations. The second postponement was due to the cancellation of the census law by the Federal Constitutional Court in spring 1983. In autumn 1982, a politically motivated boycott movement against the population census started and resulted in numerous (about 1200) complaints from citizens against the constitutionality of the census law. Unexpectedly, the Supreme Court cancelled the census law. The main reason for this verdict was that the envisaged transmission of census microdata to the municipalities for the adjustment of the population registers was considered to be an infraction of the general right to privacy. This verdict is still in force. It means that administrative data may be transmitted from the administration authorities to the statistical offices, but no data on individual persons (collected in a statistical survey) may be transmitted back to the municipalities e.g. for the purpose of adjusting incorrect entries in the municipal population registers. The fear of the political decision-makers that a new complete enumeration of the population might prompt boycott movements like that of the eighties, together with the estimated high costs of a traditional census (about 1 billion Euros), led to the decision in the late nineties to no longer conduct a traditional

COVID-19 mortality among kidney transplant candidates is strongly associated with social determinants of health.

Introduction: Permanent celibacy, defined as the enduring—whether voluntary or involuntary—choice to neither marry nor form a conjugal union, is a social phenomenon of growing interest in many countries. This study examines the prevalence and associated factors of permanent celibacy in Burkina Faso, aiming to better understand the social, relational and familial dynamics underlying this lifestyle choice, as well as to foster broader reflections on gender norms and life choices in Burkina Faso. Methods: The study relies on individual-level data from the 2019 General Population and Housing Census (RGPH) of Burkina Faso. This dataset provides detailed information on sociodemographic characteristics, geographic distribution, family structure, and attitudes toward marriage and family. Both bivariate descriptive analysis (to assess the prevalence of permanent celibacy) and multivariate explanatory analysis (to identify determining factors) were employed. Results: Findings indicate that permanent celibacy is uncommon in Burkina Faso. Among men aged 50 or older and women aged 40 or older, only 2.3% remained unmarried. The phenomenon is more pronounced in the country’s two major cities, affecting 3.5% of men and 4.5% of women in the respective age groups. In Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, religion, education level, disability, employment sector, and household living standards were significantly associated with permanent celibacy, regardless of gender. Nationwide, in addition to the factors identified in the two cities, occupation and residential setting (urban/rural) were also linked to permanent celibacy, irrespective of sex. Conclusion: The study concludes that permanent celibacy is rare in Burkina Faso among men aged 50+ and women aged 40+ and is influenced by a combination of cultural, socioeconomic, and individual factors. To obtain more precise and up-to-date insights into this phenomenon in Burkina Faso, further sociological and demographic studies would be necessary.

The social setting of animal subjects in the research environment has known effects on a variety of dependent measures used in biomedical research. Proper evaluation of the robustness of published research is dependent upon transparent, detailed, and accurate reporting of research methods, including the animals' social housing conditions. However, to date, most research articles utilizing nonhuman primates (NHPs) provide only partial data on this topic, hampering transparency, and reproducibility. Therefore, we call for the inclusion of information pertaining to the social aspects of the animals' housing conditions in publications involving NHPs to improve transparency. We argue that including this information in scientific publications is crucial for the interpretation of research findings in the appropriate contextand for understanding unexplained variability in study findings. Finally, the inclusion of this information in publications will additionally familiarize scientists with how other researchers conducting similar studies are housing their animals and will encourage them to consider the implications of various housing conditions on their research outcomes.

Excessive alcohol consumption leads to serious health problems. Mechanisms regulating the consumption of alcohol are insufficiently understood. Previous preclinical studies suggested that non-social environmental and social environmental complexities can regulate alcohol consumption in opposite directions. However, previous studies did not include all conditions and/or did not include female rodents. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of social versus single housing in standard versus non-standard housing conditions in male and female mice. Adult C57BL/6 J mice were housed in either standard shoebox cages or in automated Herdsman 2 (HM2) cages and exposed to a two-bottle choice procedure with 3% or 6% ethanol versus water for 5 days. The HM2 cages use radiotracking devices to measure the fluid consumption of individual mice in an undisturbed and automated manner. In both housing conditions, mice were housed either at one or at four per cage. In standard cages, group housing of animals decreased alcohol consumption and water consumption. In HM2 cages, group housing significantly increased ethanol preference and decreased water intake. There were no significant differences in these effects between male and female animals. These observations were similar for 3 and 6% ethanol solutions but were more pronounced for the latter. The effects of social environment on ethanol preference in HM2 cages were accompanied by an increase in the number of approaches to the ethanol solution and a decrease in the number of approaches to water. The differences in ethanol intake could not be explained by differences in locomotor or exploratory activity as socially housed mice showed fewer non-consummatory visits to the ethanol solutions than single-housed animals. In addition, we observed that significant changes in behaviors measuring the approach to the fluid were not always accompanied by significant changes in fluid consumption, and vice versa, suggesting that it is important to assess both measures of motivation to consume alcohol. Our results indicate that the direction of the effects of social environment on alcohol intake in mice depends on the non-social housing environment. Understanding mechanisms by which social and non-social housing conditions modulate alcohol intake could suggest approaches to counteract environmental factors enhancing hazardous alcohol consumption.

3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and α‐pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α‐PVP) are common active constituents of abused “bath salts” products. The structures of these synthetic cathinone analogues differ only in that MDPV contains a methylenedioxy ring. Additionally, MDPV is structurally similar to the amphetamine analogue 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), which differs fromthe structure of methamphetamine (METH) only by the addition of a methylenedioxy ring. MDPV, α‐PVP, MDMA, and METH are four psychostimulants often used interchangeably by humans in crowded, hot environments. The effects of MDMA are known to be dramatically impacted by crowding and ambient temperature and because of the structural similarities and use patterns in humans, it was of interest to investigate the modulatory effects of such environmental variables on the in vivo pharmacology of the four compounds in mice. In the present studies, adult male NIH Swiss mice were housed singly or in groups of 3 or 6, at 20°C, then administered a “binge” regimen of 1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg MDPV, α‐PVP, MDMA or METH, or repeated saline, via intraperitoneal injection, every 2 hours for a total of 4 injections. Locomotor activity and core temperature were continuously collected throughout drug administration, continuing 2 hours after the 4th injection. The lowest dose per social housing condition different from saline was repeated at an elevated temperature of 28°C. Doses were limited by lethal effects which were potentiated both by the increased ambient temperature and social housing conditions. Increased ambient temperature resulted in increased locomotor activity for all compounds, and an increased hyperthermic effect occurred in animals administered MDPV or MDMA, both methylenedioxy ring containing compounds. No pronounced differences regarding body weight and core temperature as a function of social housing were observed. Brain regions (including hippocampus and striatum) were collected for neurochemical analysis 10 days after the last injection. Regions from one hemisphere will be processed and analyzed for tissue content of monoamines and their primary metabolites by HPLC, while samples from the other hemisphere will be utilized to determine GLUT2 concentration via western blotting. These studies suggest that the addition of specific moieties, in this case a methylenedioxy ring, to structurally similiar cathinones and amphetamines can result in same effect compared to the parent compound.Support or Funding InformationThese studies supported by DA039195, DA022981 and the UAMS Center for Translational Neuroscience.

The objective of this study was to investigate 1) whether social housing condition, tumor size, and tumor growth rate alter responses to chemotherapy and 2) whether the timing of tumor cell injection or chemotherapy initiation (relative to housing condition formation) influences tumor growth rate or the efficacy of chemotherapy. Mice were reared individually (I) or in groups (G). In experiment 1, mice were rehoused (IG or GI) or left in group housing (GG) immediately after tumor cell injection. In experiment 2, housing conditions (II, IG, GG, or GI) were formed when tumors weighed 1 g. Chemotherapy (adriamycin 4 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 61.5 mg/kg IP) and exposure to acute novelty stress (15 min/d, 5 d/wk) were initiated 1 day after housing condition formation. If chemotherapy was initiated when the tumor burden was undetectable (experiment 1), housing condition did not alter tumor response to chemotherapy, although IG mice lost the most weight and overall had the lowest probability of survival. If chemotherapy was initiated when tumors weighed 1 g (experiment 2), both tumor and host responses to chemotherapy were poorest for IG mice. Timing of tumor cell injection relative to housing condition formation also differentially influenced the rate of tumor growth in mice treated with the drug vehicle; in experiment 1, tumor growth rate was faster in GI and GG mice than in IG mice, whereas in experiment 2, the rate of tumor growth was faster in II mice than in GG and IG mice. Altering the temporal relationships among social housing condition formation, tumor cell injection, and chemotherapy initiation differentially influences the rate of tumor growth and the efficacy of chemotherapy. Effects of housing condition are independent of tumor growth rate at chemotherapy initiation and, in terms of host responses, independent of tumor burden.

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