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Abstract
As the interest in heirloom cultivars of apple trees, their fruit, and processed products is growing worldwide, studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of biological compounds are important for the evaluation of the quality and nutritional properties of the apples. Studies on the variations in the chemical composition of phenolic compounds characterized by a versatile biological effect are important when researching the genetic heritage of the heirloom cultivars in order to increase the cultivation of such cultivars in orchards. A variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds was found in apple samples of cultivars included in the Lithuanian collection of genetic resources. By the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method flavan-3-ols (procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C2, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin), flavonols (rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, reynoutrin and avicularin), chlorogenic acids and phloridzin were identified and quantified in fruit samples of heirloom apple cultivars grown in Lithuania. The highest sum of the identified phenolic compounds (3.82 ± 0.53 mg/g) was found in apple fruit samples of the ‘Koštelė’ cultivar
Highlights
Apple trees are among the old cultivated fruit trees in the world [1]
Scientific literature provides data on the variability of the chemical composition of phenolic compounds in fruit samples of apple trees grown in industrial orchards [26]
In Lithuania as well as in many other countries, collections and private orchards contain heirloom apple cultivars that form the heritage of genetic resources
Summary
Apple trees are among the old cultivated fruit trees in the world [1]. Domestic apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were starting to be grown 4000–10,000 years ago in the orchards of CentralAsia [2]. Apple trees are among the old cultivated fruit trees in the world [1]. Domestic apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were starting to be grown 4000–10,000 years ago in the orchards of Central. Until the end of the 19th century, domestic apple trees were grown in the orchards of manors and monasteries [3,4]. Local farmers started growing apple trees of the traditional cultivars in their orchards. During this period, a number of traditional apple cultivars of genetic resource heritage were bred in Lithuania, including ‘Lietuvos pepinas’, ‘Montvilinis’, ‘Popierinis’, ‘Rudeninis dryžuotasis’, ‘Žemaičiugrietininis’, etc. It is expedient to preserve these apple cultivars, as their value has not been assessed yet
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