Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Fruit of the Genus Rosa L.

Mindaugas Liaudanskas,Kristina Zymonė,Valdimaras Janulis,Vaidotas Žvikas,Rugilė Juodytė,Irena Noreikienė

doi:10.3390/antiox10040545

Mindaugas Liaudanskas, Kristina Zymonė + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040545

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Abstract

We investigated the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds in the fruit of Rosa L. cultivars grown in Lithuania. The highest total content of phenolic compounds (50.13 ± 4.17 mg GAE/g, p < 0.05) was determined in fruit samples of Rosa pimpinellifolia L. cultivar “Single Cherry”. The highest levels of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were determined in fruit samples of Rosa rugosa Thunb. cultivars “Dart’s Defender” and “Adam Chodun”. The highest flavonoid content was determined in fruit samples of Rosa multiflora Thunb. cultivar “Nana” and R. multiflora species. The strongest antioxidant activity evaluated by applying DPPH and FRAP assays was determined in fruit extracts of R. pimpinellifolia cultivar “Single Cherry” and R. rugosa cultivar “Adam Chodun”. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in Rosa L. fruit was performed by applying UHPLC. The following phenolic compounds were identified in fruit samples: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, quercitrin, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epicatechin gallate, rutin, phloridzin, and kaempferol-3-O-glycoside. A strong correlation was determined between the total amount of phenolic compounds determined in extracts of the fruit samples of Rosa L. cultivars and the radical scavenging and reducing activity of their extracts in vitro (R = 0.767 and 0.727, respectively, p < 0.05).

Highlights

Rosaceae Juss. is a family of Angiospermae consisting of about 100 genera and2830–3100 different plant species [1]
To evaluate the variability of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in fruit samples of different Rosa L. species and cultivars, we selected the methodologies used for studies of raw medicinal plant materials
The total amount of phenolic compounds in Rosa L. fruit samples was determined to vary from 14.99 ± 0.68 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g to 50.13 ± 4.17 mg GAE/g (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Rosaceae Juss. is a family of Angiospermae consisting of about 100 genera and2830–3100 different plant species [1]. The genus Rosa L. includes about 200 species that grow in natural habitats and/or are cultivated [2,3]. Eight naturally growing species are determined in Lithuania. (Rosae pseudo-fructus) have long been used as raw material for making medicinal products [5]. The fruits have been determined to contain many different groups of biologically active compounds with a wide range of biological effects. This is the reason for the wide application of this raw material and its preparations in practical medicine and food industry of Lithuania and other countries of the world [6,7,8]. R. canina fruit preparations protect the kidneys from oxidative stress [15] and have anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects [6]

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