The quadratic Zeeman effect used for state-radius determination in neutral donors and donor bound excitons in Si:P

K L Litvinenko,N Stavrias,P C M Christianen,K P Homewood,C R Pidgeon,A J Meaney,Juerong Li,B N Murdin,H Engelkamp

doi:10.1088/0268-1242/31/4/045007

K L Litvinenko, N Stavrias + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/31/4/045007

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Abstract

We have measured the near-infrared photoluminescence spectrum of phosphorus doped silicon (Si:P) and extracted the donor-bound exciton (D0X) energy at magnetic fields up to 28 T. At high field the Zeeman effect is strongly nonlinear because of the diamagnetic shift, also known as the quadratic Zeeman effect (QZE). The magnitude of the QZE is determined by the spatial extent of the wave-function. High field data allows us to extract values for the radius of the neutral donor (D0) ground state, and the light and heavy hole D0X states, all with more than an order of magnitude better precision than previous work. Good agreement was found between the experimental state radius and an effective mass model for D0. The D0X results are much more surprising, and the radius of the mJ = ±3/2 heavy hole is found to be larger than that of the mJ = ±1/2 light hole.

Highlights

Study of the quadratic Zeeman effect (QZE) in atoms is of interest in two widely different areas
The magnetic field dependence of the transition energies obtained from Gaussian fits to the spectra is shown in figure 3
From the fitting of the experimental data shown in figure 5 the diamagnetic coefficient of phosphorus ground state electron is found to be be(D0) = 0.26 ± 0.02 μeV T−2, which implies that (equation (11)) we found that aB = 1.33 0.05 nm

Summary

Introduction

Study of the quadratic Zeeman effect (QZE) in atoms is of interest in two widely different areas. In a group IV silicon crystal, atoms are tetrahedrally bonded so that a group V donor such as phosphorus has one unused electron, which orbits around the ion core in the same way as in the hydrogen atom. In such semiconductor impurities the QZE is important at fields accessible in laboratory conditions and so understanding is important for interpretation of many magneto-optical and magneto-transport.

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