Abstract
For nearly three years now, an intensive effort has been going on to discover the cause of frog deformities that have occurred in nearly every U.S. state, even in remote areas. Ever since schoolchildren found large numbers of malformed frogs in a pond near Henderson, Minn., state and federal government agencies have together spent millions of dollars trying to understand the problem. Some tantalizing clues have emerged from this work, and several possible causes have been nearly ruled out. But scientists have not yet found a definitive solution to the puzzle. Most research now focuses on the hypothesis that chemicals, either synthetic or natural, are inducing the malformations by perturbing frog development. These include extra hind legs, legs with extra parts, legs with missing parts, entire missing legs, bizarre skin webbings, and missing eyes. The theory that chemicals are causing the deformities by attaching to retinoid receptors and disrupting the retinoid signaling pathway is being ...
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