Abstract
Abstract This chapter charts the development of the Putin regime in Russia from 1999. While the regime is clearly personalist, it is also characterized by important elements inherited from the Soviet nomenklatura system as well as those that belong to a newer category, namely that of a mafia state. The chapter describes the significant growth in power, capacity, and reach of institutions that make up the so-called big presidency, while other institutions have weakened considerably over time. The chapter provides details about the most important members of Putin’s inner circle and how Putin attempted to counter various governance problems that appeared as the regime got more personalized, and it also argues that the Putin regime reached its maturity around 2014–2015, when the transition occurred from legitimacy based on electoral and economic performance to one primarily based on his leadership.
Published Version
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