Abstract
The DSM-5 SectionIII proposes a hybrid dimensional-categorical model of conceptualizing personality and its disorders that includes assessment of impairments in personality functioning (criterion A) and maladaptive personality traits (criterion B). The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 is a new dimensional tool, composed of 220 items organized into 25 facets that delineate five higher order domains of clinically relevant personality differences, and was developed to operationalize the DSM-5 model of pathological personality traits. The current studies address the internal consistency (study 1), the test-retest reliability (study 2) and the criterion validity (studies 3 and 4) of the Portuguese version of the PID-5 in samples of native speaking psychology students. Results indicated good internal consistency reliabilities and good temporal stability reliabilities for the majority of the PID-5 traits. The correlational pattern of the PID-5 traits with two measures of personality was in accordance with theoretical expectations and showed its concurrent validity.
Highlights
In the former editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), a personality disorder (PD) diagnosis was presumed, based on clinical authority, to be categorical and polythetic with arbitrary thresholds
The alphas obtained for the facets were similar to those obtained in the PID5 construction project that ranged from .72 (Grandiosity) to .96 (Eccentricity), with a median of .86 (Krueger et al, 2012) and to those obtained in other cross-cultural validations, such as the French version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in which the Cronbach’s alpha for the facets ranged from .68 (Suspiciousness and Irresponsibility) to .95 (Eccentricity), with a mean of .82 (Roskan et al, 2015) and the Dutch version of the PID-5 in which the Cronbach’s alpha for the facets in a sample of adolescents ranged from .58 (Suspiciousness) to .95 (Eccentricity), with a mean of .82 (De Clercq et al, 2014)
The internal consistencies of the Portuguese version of the PID-5 were similar to those obtained with the original PID-5
Summary
In the former editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), a personality disorder (PD) diagnosis was presumed, based on clinical authority, to be categorical and polythetic with arbitrary thresholds. The main DSM-5 manual (APA, 2013) perpetuates the categorical paradigm, its Section III, entitled “emerging measures and models”, proposes a hybrid dimensional-categorical classification system, based on empirical evidence of the continuous nature of psychopathological variation for further study. According to this alternative methodology, the assessment of personality and the diagnosis of personality disorder encompass the assessment of the level of personality functioning (criterion A), the core of PD, and the assessment of specific patterns of pathological traits (criterion B). In DSM-5 Section III, the level of personality pathology is assessed through the Levels of Personality Function Scale (Bender, Morey, & Skodol, 2011) that ranges from little or no impairment to extreme impairment
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