The Psychological Impact of Trichotillomania

Abstract

Trichotillomania is a psychiatric disorder characterized by repetitive hair-pulling, leading to significant distress and hair loss, particularly in females during early adolescence (ages 10-13). Although it is classified under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders in the DSM-5, there is ongoing debate about this classification due to its unique features. The disorder often co-occurs with other psychiatric conditions, such as depression and anxiety, necessitating comprehensive psychiatric evaluations for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Behavioral therapy, particularly habit reversal therapy (HRT), is the most effective treatment, though its benefits are often temporary, lasting only 3 to 6 months, highlighting the need for sustained management. Additionally, trichotillomania can lead to severe physical complications, such as gastrointestinal obstructions (trichobezoars) in those who ingest pulled hair, making physical health screenings critical. Despite the disorder's impact, many patients do not seek treatment due to shame or the belief that healthcare providers lack sufficient knowledge about the condition, pointing to a significant gap in awareness and the need for better education among professionals. Given the significant psychological and physical impacts of trichotillomania, healthcare providers must prioritize early recognition, comprehensive care, and ongoing management to treat patients effectively.