Abstract
The objective of this research was to extract and prepare mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and investigate the mechanism by which they act against UV-induced skin photoaging in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR ) mice. MAAs such as porphyra-334 and shinorine were extracted from Porphyra yezoensis, separated, and purified using column chromatography with SA-2 cation exchange resin. The effects of MAAs on the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, namely total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed in mouse skin tissue. Pathological changes of skin tissue caused by ultraviolet radiation and the arrangement of collagen were observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10 were detected using the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The concentration and expression of these proinflammatory cytokines was associated with the presence of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. The results show that MAA compounds from Porphyra yezoensis could suppress UV-induced photoaging of skin by inhibiting the reduction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Compared to the control group, the concentrations of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT increased significantly in skin tissue homogenate following the external administration of MAAs (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), while the content of MDA decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the administration of MAAs was associated with down-regulations in the concentration and mRNA expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. The results suggest that MAAs could protect skin from photodamage by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibiting inflammation.
Highlights
Skin photoaging refers to cutaneous damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation that leads to skin changes, such as erythema, cornification, melanin sedimentation, and skin aging [1]
The Components of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) Extracted from Porphyra yezoensis
The results of tissues and HE staining showed that MAAs can scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results were used to evaluate the protective efficiency of MAAs against UV radiation damage protect against UV irradiation-induced damage to skin, which includes histopathological lesions, and the inflammatory reaction in skin tissue
Summary
Skin photoaging refers to cutaneous damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation that leads to skin changes, such as erythema, cornification, melanin sedimentation, and skin aging [1]. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation penetrates the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface, it causes different degrees of damage to the skin dermis and epidermis depending on its wavelength [2]. The effects of Ultraviolet A (UVA), (long wavelength ultraviolet) radiation cause dermal damage, skin keratinization, the breaking of collagen fibers, and melanin sedimentation. Ultraviolet B (UVB ), (shorter wavelength ultraviolet) radiations mainly affects the skin’s epidermal layers, causing erythema, edema, and wrinkles [3,4]. Exposure to UV irradiation is associated with an oxidative stress response due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen spices (ROS) [5].
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