Abstract
The promoter ZrO2 was applied to prevent Cu crystallites from sintering over CZ (ca. Cu 30 wt.% and Zn 70 wt.%) under partial oxidation of the methanol (POM) reaction. Gold was selected to promote the performance of CZrZ (ca. Cu 31 wt.%, Zr 16 wt.%, and Zn 53 wt.%) catalyst to overcome a high ignition temperature of 175 °C and CO selectivity (SCO) (>10% at T. > 200 °C). Experimentally, the deactivation rate constant of A5CZrZ (ca. Au 5 wt.%, Cu 31 wt.%, Zr 17 wt.%, and Zn 47 wt.%) and CZrZ was 1.7 times better than A5CZ (ca. Au 5 wt.%, Cu 31 wt.%, and Zn 64 wt.%) and CZ. The methanol conversion of CZrZ and A5CZrZ catalysts was kept higher than 70% for 12 h in an accelerated aging process. Meanwhile, the Au prompted more methoxy species oxidizing to formate on Cu+-rich A5CZrZ surface at lower temperature, and also improved CO transfer from formate reacting with moveable oxygen to form CO2. The SCO can lower to ca. 6% at 200 °C after adding 3–5% of gold promoter. These features all prove that the CZ catalyst with ZrO2 and Au promoters could enhance catalytic activity, lower the SCO and ignition temperature, and maintain good durability in the POM reaction.
Highlights
Hydrogen as a clean energy source has been an important focus of research for more than a decade
To improve the poor durability of CZ catalyst, the textural promoter ZrO2 was used to prevent the sintering of Cu crystallites under Partial oxidation of methanol (POM) reaction
The results show that CuO and Cu sizes decreased with the addition
Summary
Hydrogen as a clean energy source has been an important focus of research for more than a decade. Partial oxidation of methanol (POM), an exothermic reaction, is one of the reactions employed in producing hydrogen at low temperatures [1,2,3]. The low reaction temperature of POM can simplify the reactor design. The exothermic property and higher reaction rate at lower temperatures can shorten the start-up time and reach working temperatures more quickly. No heat supply is required if the reaction reaches steady-state [2,4,5]. The POM reaction is considered to be more energy-efficient than the steam reforming of methanol (SRM) reaction; it can produce hydrogen affordably on an industrial scale. The POM reaction is shown as Equation (1): CH3 OH + 1/2O2 → 2H2 + CO2 , ∆H0 = −192 kJ·mol−1
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