Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are rapidly evolving fields in various sectors, including healthcare. This article reviews AI's present applications in healthcare, including its benefits, limitations and future scope. A review of the English literature was conducted with search terms 'AI' or 'ML' or 'deep learning' and 'healthcare' or 'medicine' using PubMED and Google Scholar from 2000-2021. AI could transform physician workflow and patient care through its applications, from assisting physicians and replacing administrative tasks to augmenting medical knowledge. From challenges training ML systems to unclear accountability, AI's implementation is difficult and incremental at best. Physicians also lack understanding of what AI implementation could represent. AI can ultimately prove beneficial in healthcare, but requires meticulous governance similar to the governance of physician conduct. Regulatory guidelines are needed on how to safely implement and assess AI technology, alongside further research into the specific capabilities and limitations of its medical use.
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