Abstract
AbstractOrnamental fish culture is the most popular hobby throughout the world, and it has a great role to stabilize the economy in developing countries. Health and nutrition are two pillars that hold the ornamental fish trade. Quality assurance program has become an essential part of the ornamental fish culture. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens have been amplified due to excessive use of antibiotics in aquaculture over the past three decades. That is why, safe and sound substitute to antibiotics is very essential for sustainable development for the aquaculture sector after its annulment in the European Union (EU) in 2006. It is essential to study the various ecological aspects and their relationship minutely regarding the ex situ cultivation of brood stock to avoid the wild collection of the ornamental fishes. In search for alternatives of antibiotics, an eco-friendly and beneficial bacteria are used, known as prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics, which improve the microbial ecology of the fish gut. Recent research work shows that probiotics have no side effects on the aquatic environment (aquarium) and on the ornamental fishes; rather, they produce several essential digestive enzymes and vitamins and also amplify the admittance to minerals and microelements. Probiotics show a synbiotic benefits to the ornamental fishes as improved gastrointestinal morphology, which plays a vital responsibility in preventing and controlling pathogens, thereby promoting larval survival, enhanced immunostimulants, and improved disease resistance and getting better tolerance, increased growth performance, improved body color quality, reduced stress response, reduced malformations, etc. These entire factors are positively correlated with better fish appetite, feed conversation ratio, and feed utilization as confirmed by findings of many studies. Rearing and reproduction of the ornamental fish species have notably increased and have received the attention of the hobbyists to scientists as the ornamental fishes have high economic value. Reproduction is an energy-consuming process that can be successfully performed only when adequate energy stores are available within the organisms. Present researches indicate that probiotics play a crucial role between metabolism and reproduction. To get the highest benefit from probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics research, it is essential to know the mechanism of action to attain a better quality of the environment and healthy ornamental fish culture practices, suggesting avoidance of pharmaceutical use.KeywordsFunctional feedProbioticsPrebioticsSynbioticsMode of actionSustainable ornamental fish culture
Published Version
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