The profile of the productive and technological indicators of cows of the Ukrainian red dairy breed in an industrial complex

Abstract

The aim of the research and production study was a systematic analysis – monitoring the dynamics of changes in productivity and technological indicators during five or six consecutive lactations in cows with long service life in the industrial dairy complex. The analytical part of the study was conducted during 2016–2021 on the basis of a dairy enterprise-breeder of Ukrainian red dairy cattle, which is located in the Odesa region (STOV “AF” Petrodolynske”). During the five-year scientific and production monitoring of technological indicators of a group of cows with long-term operational use (5–6 lactations) at the industrial dairy complex with breeding stock of Ukrainian red dairy breed was found a significant increase in milk productivity with increasing number of calves, respectively: 1.53 lactations – 5107.32 kg of milk per standard lactation; 2.18 – 6754.32 kg; 3.05 – 7699.26 kg; 4.02 – 9267.24 kg; 5.04–9007.15 kg, respectively (P < 0.001). Simultaneously, the optimization of physiological and technological parameters in the controlled group was revealed, namely: reduction of lactation duration from the first to the third calving with a slight increase to the fifth (437.87; 348.03; 329.27; 342.00; 334.76 days respectively (P < 0.001) and a significant reduction in the interval between periods (475.13; 488.73; 396.73; 407.88; 415.26 days; respectively (P < 0.001). Thus, the study showed that the cows of the newly formed Ukrainian red Dairy breeds with a long term preservation of lactation function have a high genetic potential of milk yield and adaptability to industrial production, but the high intensity of technological pressure on breeding stock has led to a significant reduction in the number of such animals in the age structure of the herd to 6.29%. effective ways to overcome the biological conflict between the needs of the physiology of high-yielding cows and the requirements of industrial milk production, further research is needed.