The productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems depending on agricultural practices

Izida Ilyinskaya,Emma Gaevaya,A.Y Aidiev,B.U Baykhozhaeva,A.I Hrabovets,Y Brinza,O.K Nikulina,E.A Pyanikova,A.A Muratov,V.I Turusov,L.I Belyaeva,A.A Yevglevsky

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20213202007

Abstract

Field experiments were carried out in the Rostov region on the slope of ordinary chernozems in the system of contour-strip organization of the territory in 2011-2020. The aim of the research was the development of agrotechnical methods (design of crop rotation, the method of basic tillage and the background of fertilizers), which ensure high productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems and the preservation of fertility. The experiment included three factors: the design of the crop rotation, the method of the main tillage, the background of mineral fertilizers. It was found that, on average, for the period of research, the level of mineral nutrition has the greatest influence on the productivity of the crop rotation (83.9%), followed by the design of the crop rotation (14.9%). The influence of basic tillage is estimated at only 1.2%. It was found that the introduction of 20% of perennial grasses into the structure of crop rotation reduces soil washout by 19.5-27.7%, and an increase in the proportion of perennial grasses to 40% by 38.3-43.8%. The use of chisel tillage reduces washout by 15.6-24.2%, and with it the loss of humus. In the “C” crop rotation in all variants of the experiment, the humus content increased by 0.010.03%. It was revealed that the productivity of all the studied crop rotations changed under the influence of agrotechnical methods, reaching in the crop rotation “C” with 40% of perennial grasses and 60% of grain crops on average for the studied period the highest value of 3.53 t / ha of grain units, which is 9.3% higher than in the “B” crop rotation and 17.3% higher than in the “A” crop rotation.

Highlights

Crop rotation is the main organizational and agronomic category in agriculture, which is constantly being improved due to the complication of production tasks, the introduction of more advanced technologies for the cultivation of crops and the need for efficient use of manmade and natural resources and the possibility of preventing environmental complications
The productivity of crop rotations is an integral indicator of their assessment, it depends on the design of the crop rotation, crop structure, natural conditions and man-made factors
With an increase of the perennial grasses share in the structure of crops, soil erosion decreases in the "B" crop rotation with 20% of perennial grasses – by 19.5-27.7%, in the "C" crop rotation with 40% of perennial grasses – by 38.3-43.8% in comparison with the grain-cultivated crop rotation

Summary

Introduction

Crop rotation is the main organizational and agronomic category in agriculture, which is constantly being improved due to the complication of production tasks, the introduction of more advanced technologies for the cultivation of crops and the need for efficient use of manmade and natural resources and the possibility of preventing environmental complications. The method of the main soil cultivation in arid regions under conditions of water erosion is of particular importance and largely determines the creation of optimal conditions for growing crops, the intensity of accumulation and retention of moisture, as well as the direction of soil erosion processes. In this regard, the development of the structure of crop rotations, which ensures the maximum productivity of crops on erosiondangerous slopes in combination with the use of effective soil protection measures based on field experiments acquires the relevance [5]

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