Abstract
Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds with porosity-graded structures were fabricated by sequential freeze-casting. The pore structures, compressive strengths, and biocompatibilities of the fabricated porous HA scaffolds were evaluated. The porosities of the inner and outer layers of the graded HA scaffolds were controlled by adjusting the initial HA contents of the casting slurries. The interface between the dense and porous parts was compact and tightly adherent. The porosity and compressive strengths of the scaffold were controlled by the relative thicknesses of the dense/porous parts. In addition, the porous HA scaffolds showed good biocompatibility in terms of preosteoblast cell attachment and proliferation. The results suggest that porous HA scaffolds with load-bearing parts have potential as bone grafts in hard-tissue engineering.
Highlights
Series of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials have been extensively used in the field of orthopedic and dental implants because of their outstanding mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Desirable properties for bone scaffolds can be obtained by regulating pore size and porosity to further mimic the properties of a human bone [18]
Sequential freeze-casting utilizing slurries with different HA vol % slurries was adopted to were used to functionally observe the resulting structures, and the compressive strengths werebymeasured by achieve graded structures
Summary
Series of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials have been extensively used in the field of orthopedic and dental implants because of their outstanding mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Adopting functionally graded structures in porous support the mechanical load as load-bearing parts, which are essential for bone grafts [26,34]. HA scaffolds homogeneous porous structures less-porous regions support the mechanical load aswith load-bearing parts, which are essential for were bone [26,34]. Fabricated bygrafts freeze-casting with different powder concentrations to control the porosity and pore size. The crystalline phases of the scaffolds were checked by X-ray diffraction were fabricated by freeze-casting with different powder concentrations to control the porosity and (XRD) analysis. Sequential freeze-casting utilizing slurries with different HA vol % slurries was adopted to were used to functionally observe the resulting structures, and the compressive strengths werebymeasured by achieve graded structures. The compressive strengths of the scaffolds with various structures were examined, and in vitro cell attachment and proliferation tests were conducted to demonstrate
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