Abstract
Every year a million tonnes of calcium rich agro and industrial waste are generated around the whole globe. These calcium rich waste like finger citron, shells of cockle, mussel, oysters etc., and egg shell are biological sources which have various organic compounds. The inorganic calcium rich waste includes gypsum, dolomite, sludge etc., which are produced in surplus amount globally. Most of these by-products are mainly dumped, while few are used for land-filling purposes which leads to the pollution. These agro and industrial by-products could be processed for the recovery of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide particles by physical and chemical method. The recovery of calcium carbonate and calcium oxide particles from such by products make them biocompatible. Moreover, the products are economical due to their synthesis from waste materials. Here, in this current review work we have emphasized on the all the calcium rich agro industries and industrial by products, especially their processing by various approaches. Further, we have also focused on the properties and application of such calcium carbonate and oxide particles for the remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants from the environments. The recovery of such particles from these byproducts is considered not only economical and eco-friendly but it also minimizes the pollution present in the form of solid waste.
Highlights
Every day we encounter various agricultural and industrial products for our easiness and requirements
Numerous investigators have reported the recycling of cockle shells for value added materials like calcium oxides and calcium carbonates out of which most recent ones are cited below
It was found that the obtained adsorbent were comparatively effective in the heavy metal removal than the calcium carbonate obtained from crabs, oyster, and cockle shells
Summary
Every day we encounter various agricultural and industrial products for our easiness and requirements. We have focused on the recycling of calcium rich agricultural and industrial waste for the synthesis of value added minerals like calcium carbonate and calcium oxide. Both of these minerals are biocompatible, non-toxic, and used every day in oils, plastic, imaging purposes, alloys and catalyst [8], environment-friendly items [9], calcium-enriched food [10,11], drug delivery [12,13], cosmetics and pharmaceuticals [10], templates for microcapsules [14,15], and bone filling material [12]. The low cost and eco-friendly nature of calcium based minerals reduce the expenditure of the whole adsorption process
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