THE PROBLEM OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC RATIONALITY
 IN THE CONTEXT OF COGNITIVE PRACTICES OF EVERYDAY
 CONSCIOUSNESS

Abstract

The 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century were marked by the
 deontologisation of the language of science, the dominance of the attitudes of epistemological
 naturalism, the loss of the truth’s absolute value and the purpose of cognition, and as a
 consequence, the unprecedented increase in the relevance of rethinking mathematics and
 mathematical natural science (physics, biology, etc.) in terms of everyday consciousness
 and everyday experience. This work is connected with the necessity to clarify the boundaries
 of identity and differences between the formations of sensory-visual experience and the
 products of abstract-theoretical construction, the intuitive and the logical-discursive,
 explanation and understanding, the theoretical and the empirical, etc., in the context of
 the analysis of the deriving oppositions and counter-views as expressions of opposites of
 reflexive and non-reflexive “layers” of consciousness in structures of cognitive and vitalpractical activity