The problem of determining the criteria for speech disorders in modern preschoolers in the aspect of interdisciplinary interaction of specialists

Abstract

Based on Russian and foreign sources in the field of medicine, psychology and speech therapy, an overview of the main approaches to the systematization of speech disorders in childhood is conducted. It is shown that despite the long and winding path of research, there are numerous descriptions of phenomenology, but there is no consensus about the nature and mechanisms of speech disorders in children. Currently, there are two main directions in the study of speech pathology in children: clinical and psycholinguistic. In a clinical approach, impaired speech is considered as a pathological condition with certain symptoms, etiology and pathogenesis. Psycholinguistic approach to speech pathology involves the correlation of the observed violation with the normal functioning of the processes of generation and perception of speech, as well as an assessment of the degree of formation of language ability. As a result, the analysis of clinical, psychological and psycholinguistic studies shows a lot of contradictions, pushing for an active search for more accurate nominations and differential diagnostic criteria for distinguishing between different states of a child’s speech deficiency. Thus, a tendency is shown to move to a new level of professional reflection from a narrowly focused (clinical, speech therapy, psychological) to a systemic one, in which the focus of scientists will be not only the problem of determining the disadaptive development, but also the prospects for the mental and speech development of the child.