Abstract
The habit of tobacco use/smoking, which is a major concern of Primary Health Care (PHC), is a serious public health problem and the main avoidable cause of death in the world. The relevance of actions, whose focus is to facilitate the cessation of this habit, motivates the discussion of studies that have different approaches to tackle this issue by seeking to train PHC professionals accordingly. A search was conducted in the Lilacs, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for recent scientific publications (2010-2015). The key words were combined with Boolean operators and, after analysis of the articles found, 75 are discussed in this article since they have strategies with a higher prevalence in PHC. The conclusion drawn is that the brief or intense individual approach using the 5A method (Transtheoretical Model) is the most widely adopted, as well as bupropion and nicotine replacement patches. The increasing use of hard technology requires new studies that examine their impact on the treatment of smokers. It was clearly revealed that there is a need for health professionals to be better prepared to address the issue with the users, in addition to a lack of stimulus and proper conditions to work in the PHC team directly reflecting scientific advances in clinical practice.
Highlights
Resumo O hábito de fumar, ou tabagismo, preocupação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), é um grave problema de saúde pública e a principal causa de morte evitável no mundo
Delimitou-se o aprofundamento de 111 artigos pertinentes ao tema “cessação do tabagismo” (10 artigos indexados na Lilacs, 69 na Medline e 32 na Web of Science), conforme Quadro 1
Categorização temática individual a partir da análise dos 111 artigos selecionados das bases de dados LILACS, Web of Science e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line (MEDLINE) em setembro de 2015 e organizados conforme a prevalência do tipo de estratégia utilizada na APS para a cessação do tabaco
Summary
Delimitou-se o aprofundamento de 111 artigos pertinentes ao tema “cessação do tabagismo” (10 artigos indexados na Lilacs, 69 na Medline e 32 na Web of Science), conforme Quadro 1. Realizou-se, então, a análise crítica individual dos textos viabilizando sua classificação em sete categorias temáticas relativas às estratégias prevalecentes na APS para o tratamento ao paciente tabagista. Limitamo-nos a apresentar e discutir estratégias predominantes em mais de 10% dos estudos, conforme Quadro 2: Abordagem individual (35,51% de prevalência na APS; 38 artigos publicados); Abordagem ao profissional de saúde (20,56% de prevalência; 22 artigos); Prescrição de medicamentos (18,69% de prevalência; 20 artigos) e Acompanhamento e/ou apoio com o uso de tecnologia dura (10,28% de prevalência; 11 artigos), totalizando 91 artigos científicos nacionais e internacionais publicados com relação ao tema nos últimos cinco anos (81,98% do total de 111 artigos analisados profundamente).
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