Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of double eyelid among two main Mongoloid ethnicities, the Malays and Chinese who reside in Malaysia. We also measured their periorbital tissue parameters for application in anthropology, optometry, ophthalmology, oculoplastic surgery and maxillofacial trauma surgery. The images of the 103 Malay and 97 Chinese volunteers were captured using indirect 3D photogrammetry, and quantitative measurement was obtained using the software provided by the manufacturer. All Malays and 70.1% of Chinese in this cross section population had double eyelid on both eyes. The mean pretarsal skin height was 3.99 mm for the Malays and 2.29 mm for the Chinese. The Malays appeared to have shorter eyebrow height (11.10 mm) compared to the Chinese (11.79 mm). An opposite pattern could be seen in the measurement of upper eyelid crease height between the Malays (8.33 mm) and the Chinese (4.91 mm). Of note, the intercanthal distance of the Chinese (IDC = 35.85 mm) was wider and their interpupillary distance was narrower (IPD = 62.85 mm) compared to the Malays’ (ICD = 34.21 mm; IPD = 64.04 mm). In conclusion, there were significant differences in the prevalence of double eyelid and periorbital tissue measurements between the Malays and Chinese.
Highlights
The eye, upper eyelids and eyebrow are the most prominent anatomy structures in the middle third of the face and can serve as distinctive features for anthropology and forensic studies
The subjects of this study consisted of a convenient sample of 200 patients (103 Malay and 97 Chinese) aged between 20 and 39 years old with the additional inclusion criteria of the Malay or Chinese ethnics having no history of mixed parentage for the past 3 generations
No statistical significance was found between manual anthropometry and 3D anthropometry in all the eight parameters measured (p > 0.05; Table 3)
Summary
The eye, upper eyelids and eyebrow are the most prominent anatomy structures in the middle third of the face and can serve as distinctive features for anthropology and forensic studies. The prevalence of upper eyelid crease (or double eyelid; this term will be used thereafter in this report) among Chinese female was reported at between 66.7% and 83.1%, which is close that reported by Mikamo[2,4,5]. A literature search showed that only a few studies had described the soft tissue parameters of the eyes and orbits of the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups. Both Malays and Chinese are Asian of Mongoloid stock and are two of the largest ethnic groups in Malaysia, a multi-racial country in South East Asia. It can be seen that these studies show that wide variations happen in all 3 parameters, even within the same ethnic group
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