The prevalence of arterial hypertension among female beneficiaries of the Institute for Emergency Medical Services in Podgorica

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health problem of the modern era, as well as one of the most common reasons for visits to doctors. A large number of epidemiological studies have indicated the risk factors that lead to the formation of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and these factors are usually a combination of lifestyle and biological heritage. Arterial hypertension is a significant factor in the development of complications such as cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease, which still requires special attention. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension among female respondents aged 45 to 65 years at the Institute for Emergency Medical Services, identification of risk factors for this disease, the presence of other chronic diseases and adherence to therapy and medical control. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of females aged 45 to 65 years that were for more than 10 years being treated for hypertension. As the instrument the questionnaire was used with questions about education, use of tobacco and alcoholic products, use of salt and fatty food, the practice of physical exercise, exposure to stress in the living and working environment, use of therapy and visits to physicians and questions relating to the possible existence of any other chronic disease. The values of blood pressure were measured in a sitting position, after ten minutes of rest. As the blood pressure value, the mean value of three measurements on both arms was used. Results: Regarding the habits of the respondents, the survey showed that more than half was actively using tobacco products, a high percentage consumed fatty foods and salty food, almost half were never physically active, and more than a half was exposed to stress in the living and working environment. In almost half of the respondents comorbidity was identified. Most respondents regularly used the therapy and had regular check-ups.. Conclusion: The study showed the existence of risk factors clearly linked to the development of arterial hypertension and possible complications, as well as more frequent associated chronic diseases in women who are active smokers. It also showed that the highest percentage of female respondents regularly use therapy and medical control, but it is necessary to point out the importance of non-pharmacological measures and lifestyles to control this disease.