Impact of complex congenital heart disease on the prevalence of arterial hypertension after aortic coarctation repair.

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the difference in the prevalence of long-term arterial hypertension among patients with corrected aortic coarctation according to the existence of associated cardiac congenital lesions. We identified 235 patients who had undergone surgery for aortic coarctation and classified them into 2 groups: patients with isolated coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and patients with aortic coarctation associated with complex congenital heart disease. Data were retrospectively analysed. There were 148 subjects with isolated CoA and 87 with complex CoA (CoA-c). Patients were defined as hypertensive if they required antihypertensive treatment and/or when blood pressure was above 95th percentile. Patients with isolated aortic coarctation were significantly younger than patients with CoA-c (P < 0.001) and a markedly higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (44% vs 24%) was documented in the isolated coarctation group. The difference in the prevalence of hypertension in the 2 groups was still significant after correcting for differences in age (P < 0.001), confirming that the prevalence of arterial hypertension in patients with CoA-c was half of that of patients with isolated CoA. We conclude that complex congenital heart disease in patients who have undergone surgical correction for aortic coarctation results in a significantly lower prevalence of late-onset hypertension. Reduced systemic flow and pressure before surgery in patients with CoA-c might be associated with a lower rate of arterial hypertension.