The Prevalence and Determinants of GDM among Pregnant Women’s in Obstetric Clinics at MCH Makkah City 2019

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) used to be defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. It is associated with maternal and fetal complications. Screening for GDM and its risk factors is essential for the early diagnosis and management. Recently, the definition has evolved to distinguish women whose condition is a transient manifestation of pregnancy-related insulin resistance from those with probable preexisting diabetes that is first recognized during pregnancy. The physiological and hormonal change during pregnancy can lead to increase insulin resistance and production of glucose, if pancreas cannot secrete sufficient insulin to maintain blood glucose can cause impaired glucose tolerance or gestational diabetes. Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of GDM among pregnant women's in the obstetric clinics in MCH at Makkah city. Methodology: analytic cross sectional study was conducted among (147) pregnant women who attend obstetric clinics in the one-month using the simple has been random technique using random table generator. Maternal and children's hospital is the biggest hospital in Makkah and has 3 clinic per day. Results: A total of (170) participated in the study. Regarding age of these Only(46.5%)of the participated were(>35)years, the weight(current) the data ranged from(40to136)by mean +SD(72.905±16.167). While the weight before pregnancy the data ranged from (39to1727)by mean +SD(67.985±15.082). The age a significant relation between diabetic mellitus and age were P-value=0.001and X2(8.860) increase in >35years answer YES were(71.4%). Gravida show a significant relation between diabetic mellitus were P-value=0.036 and X2(10.255) increase in more than 4 answer YES were (57.1%). the gravida/para/abortus (GPA) results show a significant relation between diabetic mellitus and GPA were P-value=0.026 and X2(11.008) increase in zero answer NO were (64.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of of GDM among pregnant women's in obstetric clinics at MCH Makkah city 2019 was high. Previous history of GDM, antenatal family history of diabetes, low physical activity, overweight and/or obesity and inadequate dietary diversity were significantly associated with GDM. Routine screening of pregnant women and healthy lifestyle are strongly recommended.