Abstract
Several studies have been conducted regarding the concentration and prevalence of mycotoxins, particularly ochratoxin A (OTA), in coffee products, mainly due to the adverse health effects of mycotoxins on human health. In the current study, the prevalence and level of ochratoxin A (OTA) in green coffee products were meta-analyzed, and associated health risks were estimated. In order to retrieve related citations, a search was conducted among PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases covering published literature from 20 January 2010 to 25 June 2022. The minimum and maximum prevalence of OTA was noted in Thailand (0.00%) and Morocco (75.00%), respectively, while the total prevalence of OTA was estimated as 38.35% (95%CI: 24.77-52.77%). According to the findings, the minimum and maximum concentrations of OTA were reported in Brazil (0.30 µg/kg) and the Philippines (99.74 µg/kg), respectively. In contrast, the total concentration of OTA in green coffee was calculated as 3.60 µg/kg (95%CI: 3.23-3.97 µg/kg). The minimum and maximum margin of exposure (MOEs) were observed in the United States (29,270) and Iran (432,590,398), respectively. The calculated MOEs for the consumers of green coffee were > 10,000, demonstrating safeguards for the consumers of green coffee considering the related health risks.
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