Abstract
The objective of the research on the presentation of green goat skin using liquid smoke was to reduce the environmental contamination caused by usage of the environmentally-unfriendly chemical in skin preservation process. Liquid smoke is the outcome of coconut shell waste containing a lot of phenol and acid compound. It is an organic material that is environment-friendly and it can inhibit the bacteria growth. The research was conducted using 18 pieces of green goat skin. Eighteen pieces of green goat skin were divided into 2 treatments. The first stage treatment used liquid smoke as the preserving material with 0,1%, 0,5%, and 1,0 % in concentrations without crystal salt and anti-bacterial material. The second stage treatment used liquid smoke with 5%, 10% and 15% in concentrations and used crystal salt without anti-bacteria material. The skins then were stretched and dried in the sun. They were observed for 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month. The results of the skin preservation then were tested in organoleptic method, including the tests for the shedding of feather and the damage of skin owing to bacteria / louse. The skins also were tested in physical method (tensile strength & elongation at break). The result of search showed that the skins preservation for month using liquid smoke, 10% in concentration, was the most effective, Usage of liquid smoke as the substitute of anti-bacteria/fungicide would reduce a part of the environmental contamination owing to usage of the environment-unfriendly chemical in skin preservation process. Keywords: skin preservation, liquid smoke, environment-friendly ABSTRAK Penelitian pengawetan kulit kambing berbulu menggunakan asap cair tujuannya adalah mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pemakaian bahan kimia yang tidak ramah lingkungan dalam proses pengawetan kulit. Asap cair merupakan hasil dari limbah tempurung kelapa yang banyak mengandung senyawa asam dan fenol yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan merupakan bahan organic yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan kulit mentah kambing berbulu sebanyak 18 lembar terbagi menjadi 2 perlakuan. Perlakuan tahap pertama menggunakan asap cair sebagai bahan pengawet dengan konsentrasi 0,1%, 0,5% dan 1,0% tanpa menggunakan garam Kristal dan bahan anti bakteri. Sedangkan perlakuan tahap kedua menggunakan asap cair dengan konsentrai 5%, 10% dan 15% dan garam kristal tanpa menggunakan anti bakteri. Kulit tersebut kemudian dipentang dan dijemur di bawah sinar matahari dan diamati selama 1 minggu, 2 minggu dan 1 bulan. Hasil pengawetan kulit kemudian diuji secara organoleptis yaitu meliputi kerontokan bulu dan kerusakan kulit akibat serangan bakteri/kutu. Kulit tersebut juga dilakukan pengujian secara fisis (kekuatan tarik dan kemuluran). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengawetan kulit selama 1 bulan menggunakan asap cair konsentrasi 10% adalah yang paling efektif. Dengan menggunakan asap cair sebagai pengganti bahan kimia anti bakteri / jamur maka akan dapat mengurangi sebagian pencemaran lingkungan yang ditimbulkan oleh penggunaan bahan kimia yang tidak ramah lingkungan dalam proses pengawetan kulit. Kata kunci : pengawetan kulit, asap cair, ramah lingkungan.
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