The Predisposing, Precipitating, Perpetuating and Protective (4Ps) Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infection in the Young: A Single Case Study

Abstract

This research is a single case study of a 17-year-old male diagnosed twice with sexually transmitted infection (STI) as an outpatient at the health facility. Objectives: The study analyzed the circumstances of a young adolescent diagnosed with STI using the Predisposing, Precipitating, Perpetuating, and Protective Factor (4Ps) Model in case formulation. Methods: The qualitative research design of a descriptive single case study was used. The content analysis using the (4Ps) Model in case formulation was the framework and guide for the data analysis in the study. Results: The situations that led to the acquisition of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) of the participant constitute the predisposing factors such as age and poverty. Precipitating factors include the influence of peers, persuasion of older male acquaintances, unprotected sexual intercourse, and intoxication of alcohol. Perpetuating factors were also identified, such as a series of multiple unprotected sexual intercourses, lack of cognition and awareness of the infection, fear of being scolded, and stigmatization. Protective factors include medical consultation, diagnosis, treatment, counseling, getting away with peers, fear of death, dream of having a better future, and mother's support. Conclusion: The study highlights biological, psychological, and social factors of a young adolescent that is are being linked to the 4Ps factors (predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective) as the precursors in acquiring the sexually transmitted infection. Hence, the study posits the following recommendations: (1) The Philippine Government through the Department of Health (DOH) should improve the reporting and efficiency of social safety and protection of both young boys and girls; (2) The advancement and enactment of plans, programs, projects, and activities in response to STIs, HIV/AIDs should be strengthened by the local government; (3) A family intervention specifically aimed at empowering parents and enhancing the need for family interaction by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD); (4) The study may aid in the design of project proposals to mainstream and support the advocacy of the Center for Gender and Development (GAD) of academic institutions for a gendered activity and the need for gender-informed interventions that cater to prevent risky sexual behaviors and child welfare.