Abstract
BackgroundIt is well established that diminished reproductive health is one of the notable long-term outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially among males. Due to the global increasing rate of T2DM and infertility, we aimed to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), inulin, and their combinatory supplementation on fertility markers as well as testicular kisspeptin and androgen receptor (AR)’s expression in diabetic male rats.MethodsThirty-five Male Wistar rats with Streptozotocin-induced T2DM were supplemented with L. plantarum, inulin, or their combination for 8 weeks. At the end-point, the animals were sacrificed and serum, testicular, and seminal parameters were studied.ResultsAdministration of L. plantarum and inulin in diabetic male rats improved sperm motility and viability (P < 0.001, both) as well as testicular tissue development via increasing leydig cell number, testicular spermatid count, and diameter of seminiferous tubules (P < 0.001, all). Testicular expression of Kisspeptin was elevated by inulin supplementation (P = 0.01). L. plantarum administration increased testicular AR expression (P = 0.01). The expression of Kisspeptin showed a remarkable correlation with fertility markers (P < 0.001).ConclusionSupplementation with either L. plantarum, inulin, or their combination can prevent infertility caused by T2DM in male rats via improving testicular kisspeptin and AR expression, leydig cell count, and effectively increasing epididymal sperm motility and viability.
Highlights
It is well established that diminished reproductive health is one of the notable long-term outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially among males
Serum glucose and insulin level and Body Mass Alterations Basic results concerning the effects of L. plantarum and inulin on serum glucose and insulin levels and body mass changes among the study groups are previously reported [29], Valenlia, [29]
Weight alterations of reproductive organs Compared to the HC group, T2DM led to a significantly higher gonadosomatic index (testis/body weight ratio (TW/BW)) in the DC group (P = 0.001), while it could not significantly increase paired testis weight, in comparison to the HC rats (Fig. 2)
Summary
It is well established that diminished reproductive health is one of the notable long-term outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially among males. Due to the global increasing rate of T2DM and infertility, we aimed to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), inulin, and their combinatory supplementa‐ tion on fertility markers as well as testicular kisspeptin and androgen receptor (AR)’s expression in diabetic male rats. Diabetes is one of the commonly diagnosed metabolic diseases around the world. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), based on the WHO’s statistics in 2014 [49]. 40 percent of couples’ fertility problems are due to male hypogonadism. After adjustment for age and BMI, the rate of hypogonadism among men with diabetes types 1 and 2 is higher than healthy ones [7]
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