The potential of several compounds in Peperomia pellucida as a solution to rifampicin resistance in tuberculosis disease

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2018, the incidence of tuberculosis in Indonesia was 1,017,290. The number of cases was accompanied by an increase in the number of resistances to first-line antibiotics (rifampicin) used due to patient non-compliance as well as the long duration of treatment. The increase in resistance around the world is always increasing every year by about 2%. Therefore, we need another alternative to existing plants in Indonesia that has the potential to be a solution to the problem and overcome resistance to these treatments.Objective: This review was conducted to find out the potential of Peperomia pellucida as an antituberculosis drug that can be a solution to rifampicin resistance in tuberculosis disease. Results: The results of the literature review showed that the Peperomia pellucida or suruhan plants have antibacterial potential against Mycobacterium tuberculosis because it contains a class of alkaloid compounds that function to inhibit deprenyl-phosphoryl-β-D-ribose-2 oxidase (an enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan in the cell walls of Mycobacterium tuberculosis), a flavonoid that has activity inhibition of fatty acid synthase II (FAS-II) enzymes, tannins that can precipitate proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and triterpenoids that have an activation mechanism of intracellular killing cascades in host cells during tuberculosis bacterial infection.Conclusion: Peperomia pellucida or suruhan plants have the potential to be further investigated as a solution to overcome rifampicin resistance in tuberculosis disease.Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rifampicin resistance, Peperomia pellucida