The Potential of a Low-Cost Thermal Camera for Early Detection of Temperature Changes in Virus-Infected Chili Plants

Abstract

One effect of viral infection on plant physiology is increased stomata closure so that the transpiration rate is low, which in turn causes an increase in leaf temperature. Changes in plant leaf temperature can be measured by thermography using high-resolution thermal cameras. The results can be used as an indicator of virus infection, even before the appearance of visible symptoms. However, the higher the sensor resolution of the thermal camera, the more expensive it is, which is an obstacle in developing the method more widely. This article describes the potential of thermography in detecting Tobacco mosaic virus infection in chili-pepper plants using a low-cost camera. A FLIR C2 camera was used to record images of plants in two treatment groups, non-inoculated (V0) and virus-inoculated plants (V1). Significantly, V1 had a lower temperature at 8 and 12 days after inoculation (dai) than those of V0, but their temperature was higher than V0 before symptoms were visible, i.e., at 17 dai. Thermography using low-cost thermal cameras has potency to detect early viral infection at 8 dai with accuracy levels (AUC) of 80.0% and 86.5% based on k-Nearest Neighbors and Naïve Bayes classifiers, respectively.